exam 4 chapter 27 Flashcards
how many people are in urban populations
2500-49,999 people; city
barriers to urban healthcare
unaware of the services
lack of transportation
illiteracy
insurance
work obligations
health disparities of the urban populations
poverty
environmental exposures
poor housing quality
violence
increased level of alcohol and drug abuse
what is the main focus for CHN in urban areas
primary prevention
frontier has how many people
not specific number
sparsely populated rural areas that are isolated from population centers and services
how many people live in rural areas
communities with fewer than 10,000 people
rural occupational hazards
farming and mining, exposed to pollution and dust
where are rural communities
in the country
characteristics of rural communities
less likely to receive healthcare, hard working, traditional, and resistant to ask for help, may ignore cardiovascular symptoms, and value privacy
rural race and ethnicity
there is a rapid growth of Hispanics
rural education
there is typically lower educational levels
rural income
there is typically lower income and higher rates of employment
what are the major health problems in rural communities
cardiovascular disease
diabetes
COPD
what are the barriers to healthcare in rural communities
transportation
far from hospitals and services
limited provider choices
weather
rural access to insurance and healthcare?
- many are uninsured or are on Medicaid
- use of family practice clinics or rural health clinics
- lack health services
- rely on public health dept services
migrant population characteristics
-immigrants that move regularly for work etc
-they have a lower life expectancy
-may delay treatment
migrant population hazards
“3 D jobs”–dirty, dangerous, and demanding
less pay
long hours
worse conditions
what are the health risks for migrant population
- occupational hazard (e.g. pesticides)
- communicable diseases
- substandard housing crowding
- poor sanitation
health risks for children of migrant families
high blood pressure
obesity
earache
poor nutrition
anemia
vit A deficiency
lead poisoning
dental problems
TB
out-migration
residents who move out of rural communities and into urban
in-migration
increased amount of residents moving from urban to rural
air quality
dust from plowing, windblown pesticides, mycotoxins, animal dander, hay, and grass
soil
pesticides, fertilizer
water
pesticides, fertilizers, livestock growth producing agents, antibiotics, radon
pesticide poisoning S/S
sore throat
runny nose
h/a
n/v
sweating
blurry vision
respiratory depression
pesticide poisoning long term effects
birth defects
cancer
blood disorders
neuro problems
pesticide poisoning extreme exposure can lead to
coma or death
