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Third Semester (BSMT) > TERNAV MIDTERM FR > Flashcards

TERNAV MIDTERM FR Flashcards

1
Q

To measure courses, use the

A

chart’s
compass rose .

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2
Q

may give true and
magnetic directions.

A

Compass roses

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3
Q

are on the outside of the rose;

A

True directions

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4
Q

are on the
inside

A

magnetic directions

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5
Q

is a DR position corrected for the
effects of leeway, steering error, and current.

A

( E S T I M A T E D
P O S I T I O N )

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6
Q

It involves calculating the set and drift and
applying these values to the DR to obtain an

A

EP(estimated position)

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7
Q

is enclosed with a square and labeled
horizontally with the time.

A

EP(estimated position)

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8
Q

– the periodic
horizontal movement of the
water’s surface by the tide-
affecting gravitational forces of the
Moon and Sun

A

Tidal Current

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9
Q

– the horizontal movement
of the sea surface caused by
meteorological, oceanographic, or
topographical effects

A

Current

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10
Q

– refers to the current’s
direction

A

Set

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11
Q

– refers to the current’s speed

A

Drift

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12
Q

– the leeward motion of
vessel due to that component of the
wind vector perpendicular to the
vessel’s track

A

Leeway

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13
Q

– the
direction of a straight line from the
last fix to the EP

A

Estimated course made good

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14
Q

– the
length of the course made good
divided by the time between the fix
and the EP

A

Estimated speed made good

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15
Q

Measures the angle between
two reference points observed
from the observer’s position

A

P O S I T I O N B Y
H O R I Z O N T A L
A N G L E S

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16
Q

Using a sextant, the navigator
measures the _
between the two selected
reference points

A

horizontal angle

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17
Q

If the HA is <90o, the angles
are measured from the
baseline _ the ship

A

TOWARDS

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18
Q

If the HA is >90o, the angles
are measured from the
baseline _ from the ship

A

AWAY

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19
Q

will be where the 2
position circles intersect

A

FIX

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20
Q

–
measuring the angle
between the Top of an Object
and the horizon

A

Vertical Sextant Angle

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21
Q

are
said to be in transit when
both are in a straight line, as
seen from the ship

A

Two conspicuous objects

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22
Q

It provides a good
opportunity to obtain the
compass error

A

P O S I T I O N L I N E B Y
T R A N S I T B E A R I N G

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23
Q

is said to be abeam of the ship, when it comes in line with perpendicular to the ship’s fore and aft centreline on any side of the vessel

A

landmark or lighthouse

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24
Q

The distance of that lighthouse at this moment (when abeam) is called _ and bearing is known as _

A

beam distance, ‘beam bearing’.

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25
Q

Bearing of that lighthouse when abeam will be either _ of ship’s heading (ship’s course) at that moment

A

90° to the portside or 90° to the starboard side

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26
Q

BC —

A

Second bearing of light

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27
Q

AD —

A

Course steered between observations

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28
Q

AB = BC =

A

Distance run between first and second observations

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29
Q

BC —

A

Distance from the light at the time of second observation

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30
Q

The procedure is similar to doubling the angle on bow.

A

Four-point bearing on the bow

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31
Q

This method also suffers from the disadvantages that distance from the object is only known when ship is already off that position.

A

Four-point bearing on the bow

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32
Q

We use this process for estimating the distance abeam, at which the ship is going to pass any observed object.

A

Special angles on the bow

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33
Q

gives the distance abeam from the object in advance, enabling us to take a decision regarding safe passing distance etc.

A

Special angle method of estimating distance

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34
Q

AD =

A

ship’s course steered

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35
Q

_ to guide mariners safely into harbour, avoiding shoals and other dangers.

A

leading lights or shapes

36
Q

is one of the easiest ways to ensure that your vessel and crew stay in safe water

A

Establishing a danger bearing

37
Q

The effect of wind on the course steered

A

Leeway

38
Q

The angle between the course steered and the course made good

A

Leeway

39
Q

is estimated by the navigator as so many degrees to port or starboard and necessary allowance made for it in computing the course to steer.

A

Leeway

40
Q

are designed mainly
for solving Parallel Sailing and
Plane Sailing without major
calculations

A

Traverse tables

41
Q

the
tables are tabulated from right-angled
triangles and cover a distance of up to
600 miles, which is the limit

A

plane sailing,

42
Q

, the traverse tables are named from 0° to 45° at the top of the pages, and 45° to 90° at the bottom of the pages.

A

Norie’s Nautical Tables

43
Q

These figures of degrees are represented courses in

A

Plane Sailing

44
Q

and latitude in

A

Parallel Sailing.

45
Q

The figure of degree of each table is represented for

A

latitude

46
Q

The columns with the header D. Long. or D’Long., and Dep., which are normally printed in italics, are used to find the

A

Departure from a given Different of Longitude (D. Long)

47
Q
A
48
Q

For plane sailing, these figures of degrees are the courses expressed in appropriate quadrants as

A

cardinal compass.

49
Q

easterly courses are placed on the

A

right, and westerly courses on the left of the table.

50
Q

are representations of portions of the earth’s surface, to a suitable scale, on a flat surface.

A

Charts

51
Q

The earth
surface being _ it cannot be represented on a flat surface without distortion

A

spheroidal,

52
Q

is representing surface of the earth on to a developable surface, i.e. which can be
flattened as plane without distortion

A

Projection

53
Q

If points on the surface of the sphere are projected from
a single point, the projection is said to be

A

perspective or geometric

54
Q

If points on the surface
of the sphere are mathematically calculated, the projection is said to be

A

mathematical
projection.

55
Q

is a conformal projection which preserves the shape and
maintains angular relationship with the objects in the neighbourhood.

A

Mercator projection

56
Q

In this projections, the
grids are mathematically calculated.

A

Mercator projection

57
Q

Rhumb line track from one position to another on a sphere is a

A

curved line

58
Q

Rhumb line courses from one position to another on the Earth appear as

A

straight lines

59
Q

The world with the exception of _ can be seen at a glance.

A

Polar regions

60
Q

he angles between the rhumb lines are _ as between Earth and chart

A

unaltered

61
Q

The Equator which is a rhumb line as well as a great circle, appears on the chart as

A

straight line.

62
Q

The parallel of latitudes appear as

A

straight lines parallel to the Equator

63
Q

The meridians within limits of the chart appear as

A

straight lines perpendicular to the Equator

64
Q

The shortest distance, being a great circle, would
appear as a

A

curve.

65
Q

Great circle courses cannot be laid off easily as they would appear

A

curved

66
Q

most Mercator charts
cover areas up to about

A

70º parallel of latitude.

67
Q

Polar regions cannot be represented due to

A

extremely large distortions

68
Q

If a plane is tangent to the Earth, and points are projected geometrically from
the center of the earth, the result is a

A

gnomonic projection

69
Q

It is used to plot great circle routes between two points on the Earth’s
surface by employing a projection method that preserves great circles as
straight lines.

A

Gnomonic charts

70
Q

They provide a visual representation of the shortest distance
between two points, allowing navigators to plan their routes accurately

A

Gnomonic charts

71
Q

This projection method preserves great circles as straight lines, making it
ideal for plotting the shortest distance between two points, which is a great
circle route

A

gnomonic projection

72
Q

where the surface of the Earth
is projected onto a flat chart from the perspective of the center of the Earth

A

Gnomonic charts use a gnomonic projection,

73
Q

provide accurate representations of great circles, allowing
navigators to visualize and plan their routes more effectively

A

Gnomonic charts

74
Q

gnomonic charts remain valuable for educational purposes and for
understanding the principles behind great circle navigation.

A

gnomonic charts

75
Q

are useful for visualizing great circle routes, they may
not be the most practical tool for navigation at sea or in the air.

A

gnomonic charts

76
Q
A
77
Q

as the vessels proceeds from one point to another ( distance made good due east or west)

A

departure

78
Q

horizontal direction in which the vessel is intended to steer expressed as angular distance from the north in a clockwise direction trough 360 degrees

A

course

79
Q

what do you call to a line that maintains a constant true direction and appears as a straight line in a mercator chart

A

rhumb line

80
Q

which sailing method is the most effective when you destination involves a single distance and course

A

plane sailing

81
Q

is the effect of wind on the course steered

A

leeway

82
Q

is the effect of current in the course steered

A

set and drift

83
Q

for solving problems involving plane and parallel sailing without major calculations what table

A

traverse table

84
Q

definition of set

A

direction of the current

85
Q

it is the speed relative to the water or how fast the vessel is moving through the water

A

speed through the water

86
Q

what do you call this line of AC

A

course made good

Third Semester (BSMT) (15 decks)

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