Terms to know for Exam 1

Question 1

function of CD4+ helper T lymphocytes?

Answer 1

help macrophages to eliminate ingested microbes and

help B cells to produce antibodies

Question 2

function of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)?

Answer 2

kill cells harboring intracellular pathogens, thus eliminating reservoirs of infection

Question 3

Antibodies are produced by?

Answer 3

B lymphocytes

Question 4

What does RLR stand for? what does it do?

Answer 4

RIG-like receptors, recognize viral RNA

Question 5

what does CDS stand for? what does it do?

Answer 5

cytosolic DNA sensors, recognize indicators of infection or cell injury

Question 6

what does NLR stand for? what does it do?

Answer 6

NOD-like receptors, recognize indicators of infection or cell injury

Question 7

IRF Transcription Factors stands for? what does it do?

Answer 7

Interferon regulatory factors, stimulates expression of the antiviral type I interferon genes

Question 8

what is the inflammasome? what cytokines does it produce? why these cytokines?

Answer 8

a specialized NOD-like receptor that forms in response to PAMPS and DAMPS, IL-1 and IL-18, they are pro-inflammatory

Question 9

what does PAMPS stand for?

Answer 9

pathogen-associated molecular patterns

Question 10

what does DAMPS stand for?

Answer 10

damage-associated molecular patterns

Question 11

The cytokine IFN-γ is produced by what cell? it can also be secreted by what cell?

Answer 11

NK cells, effector TH1 cells

Question 12

what is the purpose of the complement system?

Answer 12

promote inflammation and phagocytosis of microbes

Question 13

how does IFN-γ effect MHC genes?

Answer 13

it stimulates its transcription

Question 14

If a naive T cell is stimulated by IL-12, what does it differentiate into? what cytokine does this cell secrete?

Answer 14

TH1 cell, IFN-γ

Question 15

If a naive T cell is stimulated by IL-4, what does it differentiate into? what cytokine does this cell secrete?

Answer 15

TH2 cell, IL-4

Question 16

If a naive T cell is stimulated by TGFb (beta), what does it differentiate into? what cytokine does this cell secrete?

Answer 16

Treg cell, TGFb

Question 17

If a naive T cell is stimulated by TGFb and IL-6, what does it differentiate into? what cytokine does this cell secrete?

Answer 17

TH17cell, IL-17

Question 18

describe humoral immunity. which type of lymphocyte primarily drives the response?

Answer 18

antibody-mediated response when antigens are detected

B cell lymphocytes

Question 19

TFH cells express high levels of what two receptors? what cytokine do they secrete?

Answer 19

ICOS and CXCR

IL-21

Question 20

what does FDC stand for?

Answer 20

Follicular dendritic cells