Lec 8/9

Question 1

where are T-reg cells primarily produced?

Answer 1

thymus

Question 2

define anergy

Answer 2

lack of reaction by the body’s defense mechanisms to foreign substances

Question 3

Failure of the mechanism of self-tolerance of T or B cells is the main cause of?

Answer 3

all autoimmune diseases

Question 4

T/F The HLA complex is the human version of the MHC complex

Answer 4

True

Question 5

what molecule plays a critical role in the allergic inflammatory process?
If you encounter an environmental stimulating allergen and had no reaction to it, what does that mean? If you re-encounter the same allergen at a later point in time and you do have an allergic reaction to it, what does that mean?

Answer 5

IgE
your body did not have preformed IgE molecules for that allergen
your body formed IgE molecules for that allergen and it is activating an allergic inflammatory response

Question 6

Type 1 immune reaction is called?
what molecule is always present in this reaction?
what cell does this reaction recruit?
which cells are important for the hypersensitivity reaction?

Answer 6

immediate hypersensitivity
IgE
TH2
Mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils

Question 7

what are mast cells?

Answer 7

immune cells that play an important role in the allergic response to allergens to promote inflammation

Question 8

what are basophils?

Answer 8

white blood cells that elicit an allergic response to promote inflammation

Question 9

what are eosinophils?

Answer 9

white blood cells that are activated due to a parasitic infection, allergic reaction, or cancer to promote inflammation

Question 10

what are some examples of type 1 hypersensitivity?

Answer 10

• anaphylaxis

- allergic rxn to bee sting

Question 11

Type 2 immune reaction is called?

describe what occurs.

Answer 11

Antibody mediated

abnormalities in cellular function without cell/tissue injury

Question 12

what are some examples of type 2 hypersensitivity?

Answer 12

Graves’ Disease

Myasthenia Gravis

Question 13

what happens in Graves’ Disease?

Answer 13

antibodies stimulate signaling of TSH from thyroid cells in addition to normal hormone secretion causing overproduction of thyroid hormones

Question 14

what happens in Myasthenia Gravis?

Answer 14

antibody prevents muscular contraction

Question 15

Type 3 immune reaction is called?

describe what occurs

Answer 15

Immune complex mediated
neutrophils are activated on lining of blood cell wall. they release granules and ROS causing vasculitis and tissue injury

Question 16

Type 4 immune reaction is called?

describe what occurs

Answer 16

T-Cell Mediated

CD4 cells generate inflammation, and CD8 cells generate tissue injury (and a small amount of inflammation)

Question 17

T-cell mediated cytotoxicity:
CD8 cells can direct cell-killing and tissue injury. Killing via processes such as fas-fas ligand, and perforin/granzymes via puncturing holes in the target.

Answer 17

.