Terms I

Question 1

poleis

Answer 1

a city state in ancient Greece, especially as considered in its ideal form for philosophical purposes.

Question 2

tyrannos

Answer 2

an authoritarian sovereign without reference to character, bearing no pejorative connotation during the Archaic and early Classical periods.

Question 3

ekklésia

Answer 3

Assembly. the principal assembly of the democracy of ancient Athens. It was the popular assembly, open to all male citizens as soon as they qualified for citizenship

Question 4

hoplite armies

Answer 4

citizen soilders, infantry

a heavily armed foot soldier of ancient Greece.

Question 5

oratory

Answer 5

the art or practice of formal speaking in public: the gift of persuasive oratory.

Question 6

Ktéma es aiei

Answer 6

possession for all time

Question 7

symmachia

Answer 7

states agree to fight together against a common enemy (offensive and defensice) have the same freinds and enimes

Question 8

epimachia

Answer 8

defensive alliance only

Question 9

xenia

Answer 9

Xenia is the ancient Greek concept of hospitality, the generosity and courtesy shown to those who are far from home and/or associates of the person bestowing guest-friendship. The rituals of hospitality created and expressed a reciprocal relationship between guest and host expressed in both material benefits as well as non-material ones

Question 10

hegemon

Answer 10

supreme leader. Allies formed with dominate state as leader who functions as executive of alliance

Question 11

boule

Answer 11

Council. was a council of over 500 citizens appointed to run daily affairs of the city. Originally a council of nobles advising a king, boulai evolved according to the constitution of the city: In oligarchies boule positions might have been hereditary, while in democracies members were typically chosen by lot and served for one year.

Question 12

helots

Answer 12

were a subjugated population group that formed the main population of Laconia and Messenia, the territory controlled by Sparta. Their exact status was already disputed in antiquity: according to Critias, they were “slaves to the utmost”,[1] whereas according to Pollux, they occupied a status “between free men and slaves”.[2] Tied to the land, they primarily worked in agriculture as a majority and economically supported the Spartan citizens

Question 13

hellenotamiai

Answer 13

indicating a group of public treasurers. The Hellenotamiae were ten magistrates appointed by the Athenians to receive the contributions of the allied states, and were the chief financial officers of the Delian League. They were first appointed in 477 BC, when Athens, in consequence of the conduct of the Spartan general Pausanias, had obtained the command of the allied states.

Question 14

Ephialtes reforms

Answer 14

The reforms made it virtually impossible to influence or bribe the citizen jurors because 1) all trials were concluded in one day, and 2) juries were large (from several hundred to several thousand). There was no judge to instruct the jurors, nor any lawyers to harangue them—only an official to keep fights from breaking out. Jurors made up their own minds after hearing speeches made by the plaintiffs and defendants, who spoke on their own behalf and sometimes called their friends and supporters to do so. The accuser and the accused, although they were required to speak for themselves, might pay someone else to compose their speech to the court, which they then delivered as if it consisted of their own words. A majority vote of the jurors ruled, and there was no appeal from the decision of the court

Question 15

cleruchies

Answer 15

A form of Athenian colony in the time of Ancient Greece, under which the settlers or cleruchs retained their citizenship, and were assigned plots, or kleroi, of agricultural land, while the community remained a political dependency of Athens.

Question 16

30 year peace

Answer 16

-a treaty, signed between the ancient Greek city-states Athens and Sparta, in the year 446/445 BCE. The treaty brought an end to the conflict commonly known as the First Peloponnesian War, which had been raging since c. 460 BCE.

• 446 BCE: agreement between Athens and Sparta to end 1st Peloponnesian War
• Athens relinquishes several recent acquisitions (Troezen, Achaea, *Boeotia)
• retain Euboea (recently revolted)
• no aspect of treaty that acknowledged other Athenian holdings (i.e. “Empire”)

Question 17

basileia

Answer 17

monarchy

Question 18

Solon’s reforms

Answer 18

594 Attempting to balance political power between rich and poor, Solon ranked male citizens into four classes according to their income6: “five-hundred-measure men” (pentakosiomedimnoi , those with an annual income equivalent to that much agricultural produce), “horsemen” (hippeis , income of three hundred measures), “yoked men” (zeugitai , two hundred measures), and “laborers” (thetes, less than two hundred measures). The higher a man’s class, the higher the governmental office for which he was eligible, with the laborer class barred from all posts. Solon did reaffirm the right of this class to participate in the assembly (ekklesia ), however. Solon probably created a council (boule) of four hundred7 men to prepare an agenda for the discussions in the assembly, although some scholars place this innovation later than Solon’s time. Aristocrats could not dominate the council’s deliberations because its members were chosen by lot, probably only from the top three income classes. Solon may also have initiated a schedule of regular meetings for the assembly. These reforms gave added impetus to the assembly’s legislative role and thus indirectly laid a foundation for the political influence that the “laborer” (thete ) class would gradually acquire over the next century and a half.

Question 19

hélaia

Answer 19

was the supreme court of ancient Athens
judging body
or
structure where they meet

Question 20

phylé

Answer 20

term for tribe or clan. Members of the same phyle were known as symphyletai, literally: fellow tribesmen. They were usually ruled by a basileus. Some of them can be classified by their geographic location: the Geleontes, the Argadeis, the Hopletes, and the Agikoreis, in Ionia; the Hylleans, the Pamphyles, the Dymanes, in the Dorian region.