Reverse Terms II Flashcards
379 BCE: Theban democrats overthrow oligarchs, expel Spartan garrison (*Athenian assistance)
Thebes led by Epaminondas (politics) and Pelopidas (military) (part of 7 Boetarchs)
elite infantry unit formed (Sacred Band): counterpoint to Spartan infantry?
300 men, 150 pairs of lovers, paid by state
much discussion in ancient sources; hard to assess actual impact
The Sacred Band
spear used by the Macedonian Phalanx
sarisa
treaty with Persians post-Salamis (*Cyprus)
not mentioned in Thucydides, mentioned by Diodorus Siculus (1st cent. BCE)
existence debated since 4th cent. BCE
treaty after Eurymedon?
supposed terms (consistent among ancient sources): Greek cities of Asia autonomous, Persian satraps not allowed to travel close to Aegean, Persian warships cannot sail close to Aegean, Athenians cannot send troops to Persian lands
The Peace of Callias
rigorous education and training program mandated for all male Spartan citizens, except for the firstborn son in the ruling houses, Eurypontid and Agiad. The training involved cultivating loyalty to the Spartan group, military training, hunting, dancing, singing, and social preparation.
agogē
the imitation of, sympathizing with, collaboration with, or siding with Persians.
medizing
•ruler
archon
(religious cult/ritual, judge in religious matters),
archon basileus
archon (commander of the army),
polemarch
(leading office, supervises all public matters, presides over assembly, judge)
eponymous archon
- unrest after end of Peisistratids, rivalry of wealthy families; passes reforms in ekklēsia
- abolishes traditional phylai, creates 10 new
- trittyes (“thirds”)
- demonyms instead of patronyms
- boulē of 500: 50/phylē, chosen by lot, distributed by population
- 10 prytaneis/year
- army reorganized by phylē (10 elected strategoi)
Cleisthenes Reforms
- in 6th prytany, ekklēsia asked whether or not to hold an ostracism (10-year exile)
- 2 prytaneis later, ostracism held in agora
- name inscribed on potsherd (ostrakon)
- if enough (6000?), must leave Attica within 10 days
- no atimia, no defence
- 506-322 BCE
ostracisum
preliminary hearing before taking office questions: treat parents well? Pay taxes? Perform military service? produce witnesses to character opportunity for accuser to come forward vote by boulē oath of office taken
dokimasia
“straightening”
rendering of accounts at the end of a year in office
logos: statement of account
euthynai: opportunity to object to magistrate’s conduct in office; can go to court
euthunai
moderation
discipline
self-control
food, drink, and sex
sophrosune
sources by men for men
all men assumed to be interested in boys
desire for boys does not exclude desire for women
not whom but how
status – no reciprocal desire between equals (ideals vs. realities)
ta aphrodisia
lover beloved chasing and playing hard-to-get education/ improvement symposium
erastes (“lover”)
eromenos (“beloved”)
hymn to Dionysus likely accompanied by aulos sung by chorus of up to 50 men and boys (1 each from each tribe) dance in circular formation? evidence as early as 7th cent. BCE
dithyramb
4th in a tetralogy
bawdy, sexual humour
topics from epic/myth
satyr plays
citizen soilders, infantry
a heavily armed foot soldier of ancient Greece.
hoplite armies
the art or practice of formal speaking in public: the gift of persuasive.
oratory
states agree to fight together against a common enemy (offensive and defensice) have the same freinds and enimes
symmachia
defensive alliance only
epimachia
indicating a group of public treasurers. Were ten magistrates appointed by the Athenians to receive the contributions of the allied states, and were the chief financial officers of the Delian League. They were first appointed in 477 BC, when Athens, in consequence of the conduct of the Spartan general Pausanias, had obtained the command of the allied states.
hellenotamiai
were a subjugated population group that formed the main population of Laconia and Messenia, the territory controlled by Sparta. Their exact status was already disputed in antiquity: according to Critias, they were “slaves to the utmost”,[1] whereas according to Pollux, they occupied a status “between free men and slaves”.[2] Tied to the land, they primarily worked in agriculture as a majority and economically supported the Spartan citizens
helots