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Biology 181 > Terms for final lab exam > Flashcards

Terms for final lab exam Flashcards

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1
Q

medulla oblongata

A

contains some white matter that is involved in movement and sensation regulates homeostatic functions

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2
Q

pons

A

regulates breathing, reflexes, and sleep/wake cycle

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3
Q

midbrain

A

processes and routes visual and auditory stimuli to the thalamus carries motor fibers from the cerebral cortex monitors movement with the basal nuclei

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4
Q

Hypothalamus

A

regulates the automatic nervous system regulates sleep and wake cycle regulates thirst and hunger regulates body temperature produces hormones controls secretion from the pituitary gland

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5
Q

Thalamus

A

Controls information entry into the cerebral cortex edits, sorts and routes stimuli

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6
Q

cerebellum

A

coordinates voluntary movement

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7
Q

cerebral cortex substructure?

A

Primary motor cortex

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8
Q

Cerebral Cortex main function of primary cortex?

A

Plans and executes movement

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9
Q

Cerebral Cortex main function of primary somatosensory corticles?

A

Recieve and process different tyoes of sensory input

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10
Q

Cerebral cortex main function of mutlimodal association areas?

A

Integrate sensory and mother information from a variety of different primary corticles.

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11
Q

Corpus callosum

A

communication between upper and lower, left and and right hemisphere.

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12
Q

Cerebral coretx is __ and ___?

A

sensory, motor

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13
Q

white matter

A

liquid ventricle

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14
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Responsible for planning and executing movement and complex mental functions

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15
Q

Parietal lobe

A

responsible for processing and integrating sensory functions

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16
Q

Temporal lobe

A

major auditory sensory

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17
Q

occipital lobe

A

process info related to vision

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18
Q

Precentral gyrus

A

primary motor cortex

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19
Q

post central gyrus

A

sensory area

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20
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

where the two hemispheres of the brain seperate

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21
Q

Cranial nerve 1

A

Olfactory

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22
Q

Cranial nerve ll

A

Optic

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23
Q

Cranial nerve V

A

trigeminal

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24
Q

Cranial nerve Vll

A

facial

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25
Q

Iris

A

The colored portion of the eye, is the extension of the vascular layer just anterior to the ciliary body.

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26
Q

fibrous layer of the eye has two parts

A

the cornea and the sclera

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27
Q

Sclera

A

the white part of the eye, internal and external forces help it maintain its shape.

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28
Q

Cornea

A

is translucent, which allows it to admit light into the eye and focusing it.

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29
Q

Choriod

A

contains many tiny blood vessels called capillaries as well as a pigment to reduce the scattering of light.

*camera flash bounces off the choriod and prodcues red eyes in photos.

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30
Q

Lens

A

(behind iris) focuses light on the retina from objects near the eye

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31
Q

Retina

A

the innermost layer of the eyeball. contains photoreceptors that detect the presence of light and produce a neural signal.

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32
Q

Ciliary body

A

contains a ring of smooth muscle that surrounds the lens. Fine threads called suspensory ligaments connect the ciliary body to the lens; contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle changes the shape of the lens to focus light on the retina.

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33
Q

Fovea Centralis

A

Area in the retina that contains a high density of photoreceptors. This allows for detailed vision.

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34
Q

optic disc

A

portion of the retina that does not contain any photoreceptors. This area does not caputure any images and is called the blind spot.

35
Q

Auricle

A

aka pinna, consist of elastic cartilage covered with skin, except for the lobule ( common area where ears are pierced).

36
Q

External auditory

A

a slightly curved tunnel through the temporal bone that ends at the tympanic membrane (ear drum)

37
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

(ear drum) thin sheet of epithelium and connective tiddue that seperates the outer ear from the middle ear.

enables energy of sound waves to reach the inner ear.

38
Q

Auditory ossicles

A

located in the middle ear. where the smallest bones in the body are located. The malleus, the incus, and the stapes.

The amplify and convert sound waves in the air into fluid movement.

39
Q

Auditory tube

A

serves to equalize air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane. Opens briefly when we yawn or swallow

40
Q

Semicircular canals

A

the ducts in the canal can detect rotational movement of the head in any plane.

41
Q

Vestibule

A

located medial to the middlle ear. Houses the utricle and the saccule which contain receptor cells that convey stimuli about head tilting and linear movement.

42
Q

Cochlea

A

features a membrane- covered opening called the round window, which seperates the middle and inner ear

43
Q

basal membrane

A

composed of collagenous connective tissue that is connected to a small shelf of bone projecting from the wall of the bony labyrinth.

Its a nqrrow and stiff near the base of the cochlea, but as it nears the tip, it widens and becomes more flexable.

44
Q

Tectorial membrane

A

extends over the hair cells and “sandwhiches” them between the basilar and tectorial membrane.

The stereocilia on the outer hair cells contact the tectorial

45
Q

After the hair cells transduce the energy from sound waves into neural signals, these signals travel into the CNS along the … (5)

A
  1. Auditory signal travels through axons of the cochlear portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve to the cochlear nuclei at the medulla-pons junction.
  2. Axons from the cochlear nuclei contact the superior olivary nucleus in the pons. Neurons in the superior olivary nucleus compare information from both ears to determine the location of the sound.
  3. Auditory stimuli are then sent to the inferior colliculus of the midbrain.
  4. The auditory stimuli are relayed to the medial genniculate nucleus of the thalamus.
  5. The thalamus sends signals to the primary auditory cortex in the superior portion of the temporal lobe.
46
Q

Masseter

A

elevates the mandible

47
Q

Buccinator

A

helps manipulate food (blowing a trumpet, or whistling)

48
Q

Temporalis

A

elevates and retracts the mandible.

49
Q

Occipitofrontalis

A

pulls scalp posteriorly

50
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

closes eye, pulls skin around the eye

51
Q

orbicularis oris

A

closes and protrudes lips (pucker lips for a kiss)

52
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

flex head (chin to chest and rotates head)

53
Q

Sternohyoid

A

depresses hyoid bone and larynx

54
Q

Thyrohyoid

A

depresses hyoid, may elevate larynx

55
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

extends, rotates, and abducts the thigh

56
Q

Rectus femoris

A

Extends knee; flexes the thigh

57
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

extends knee; stabilizes the patella

58
Q

Vastus medialis

A

extends knee and stablizes the patella

59
Q

sartorius

A

Flexes thigh and knee; abducts and latteraly rotates thigh

60
Q

biceps femoris

A

extends thigh; flexes the knee

61
Q

Tibilais anterior

A

dorsi flexes and inverts the foot

62
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) longus

A

exerts foot; plantar flexes foot

63
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

plantar flexes the foot; assist in flexing the knee

64
Q

Soleus

A

plantar flexes the foot

65
Q

rectus abdominis

A

flexes th trunk; compresses abdominal cavity

66
Q

external and internal oblique

A

flexes and laterally bends the trunk

67
Q

Transversus abdominis

A

compresses abdominal cavity

68
Q

Diaphragm

A

flattens to lower thoroic cavity to increase and decrease pressure

69
Q

Longissimus

A

(muscle in the vertebral column) extends to maintain posture

70
Q

trapezius

A

elevates scapula

71
Q

pectorialis minor

A

protracts and depresses scapula

72
Q

serratus anterior

A

prime mover of scapula; protraction; upward rotation of scapula

73
Q

Levator scapulae

A

elevates scapula

74
Q

Rhomboideus major

A

retracts scapula

75
Q

Pectoralis major

A

flexes and abducts the arm; rotates arm medially

76
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

adducts, extends, and rotates are medially

77
Q

deltoid

A

abducts, flexes, and extends the arm

78
Q

Teres major

A

adducts, extends, and rotates arm medially

79
Q

Teres minor

A

laterally roates humerous; stabilizes shoulder joint

80
Q

biceps brachii

A

flexes the elbow, suspends forearm

81
Q

Brachialis

A

flexes elbow (Prime mover)

82
Q

triceps brachii

A

extends elbow

83
Q
A

Biology 181 (11 decks)

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