Terms 22,23,27,29 Flashcards
anisocoria
unequal size of the pupils.
blowout fracture
an injury caused by direct trauma to the eye or face that fractures the bony eye socket; can entrap the muscles that enable normal eye movement.
cornea
the clear but highly sensitive surface of the eye that refracts light entering into the visual system.
epistaxis
nosebleed.
external auditory canal
the passageway through the outer ear that ends at the tympanic membrane.
hyphema
blood in the anterior chamber of the eye.
lacrimal glands
glands that produce tears, which irrigate the surface of the eye.
mandible
the jaw bone.
maxilla
the bone of the mid-face; the cheek bone.
orbit
the bony socket of the eyeball.
retinal detachment
separation of the retina from the inside of the posterior wall of the eyeball.
sternocleidomastoid muscle
the powerful muscle at the sides of the neck that facilitate turning of the head.
subcutaneous emphysema
air-filled bubbles that are palpable underneath the skin; indicates an injury to an airway structure.
aneurysm
ballooning of an artery that weakens it and predisposes it to rupture.
closed chest injury
a chest injury without penetration of the chest cavity.
commotio cordis
sudden cardiac death due to blunt thoracic trauma without any observable thoracic or cardiac damage.
flail chest
a condition in which two or more adjacent ribs are fractured in two or more places, causing a free-floating segment of the chest wall.
hemoptysis
coughing up blood.
hemothorax
an accumulation of blood in the pleural space.
myocardial contusion
a bruise of the heart muscle.
open chest injury
a chest injury that involves penetration of the chest wall.
paradoxical motion
inward movement of a flail chest segment upon inhalation.
pericardial tamponade
the accumulation of blood or other fluid within the pericardial sac.
pneumothorax
air in the pleural space.
pulmonary contusion
a bruise of the lung tissue.
pulse pressure
the difference between the maximum (systolic) and minimum (diastolic) blood pressures during a single heartbeat.
sucking chest wound
a chest wound that penetrates the pleura or lung, allowing air to be “sucked” into the pleural space upon each inspiration.
tension pneumothorax
the accumulation of pressurized air within the pleural space; causes the displacement of the great vessels, tracheal deviation, distention of the jugular veins, and compression of the other lung.
traumatic asphyxia
the inability to breathe and hypoxia that results from the inability of the chest wall to expand due to external pressure or massive crushing trauma.
antivenom
a biological material (antibodies) administered to a patient to counteract exposure to a specific kind of venom; is produced by injecting the venom into an animal and then harvesting the antibodies that the animal makes against the venom.
bullae
large blisters containing clear or bloody fluid.
envenomation
poisonous effects caused by bites or stings.
necrosis
death of tissue.
rash
a temporary eruption on the skin.
arterial gas embolism (AGE)
a condition that occurs immediately after rapid ascent in which air bubbles enter the bloodstream from a ruptured alveolus and lodge in an artery.
barotrauma
trauma that is caused by differences in pressure between the body and the environment.
decompression sickness
formation of nitrogen bubbles in tissues from a too-rapid ascent.
drowning
suffocation by submersion in water.
laryngospasm
spasm of the vocal cords that prevents air movement through the respiratory tract.
mammalian diving reflex
a reflexive response to diving in many mammals that is characterized by physiological changes that decrease oxygen consumption (including slowed heart rate and decreased blood flow to the abdominal organs and muscles) until breathing resumes.
near-drowning
survival for at least 24 hours after being suffocated by submersion in water.
partial pressure
the pressure of a single gas within a mixture of gases; the partial pressure of each gas in a mixture of gases is equal to the pressure that gas would exert if it occupied the same volume alone at the same temperature.
tonicity
a property of solutions that relates to the concentration of solutes (such as salt) it contains, and how the water in a solution moves across a cell membrane; water in a solution crosses a cell membrane from the side that has the lower tonicity (a hypotonic solution) to the side that has the higher tonicity (a hypertonic solution); pure water is hypotonic to the solution within cells because that solution contains salts.
