Terms 22,23,27,29

Question 1

anisocoria

Answer 1

unequal size of the pupils.

Question 2

blowout fracture

Answer 2

an injury caused by direct trauma to the eye or face that fractures the bony eye socket; can entrap the muscles that enable normal eye movement.

Question 3

cornea

Answer 3

the clear but highly sensitive surface of the eye that refracts light entering into the visual system.

Question 4

epistaxis

Answer 4

nosebleed.

Question 5

external auditory canal

Answer 5

the passageway through the outer ear that ends at the tympanic membrane.

Question 6

hyphema

Answer 6

blood in the anterior chamber of the eye.

Question 7

lacrimal glands

Answer 7

glands that produce tears, which irrigate the surface of the eye.

Question 8

mandible

Answer 8

the jaw bone.

Question 9

maxilla

Answer 9

the bone of the mid-face; the cheek bone.

Question 10

orbit

Answer 10

the bony socket of the eyeball.

Question 11

retinal detachment

Answer 11

separation of the retina from the inside of the posterior wall of the eyeball.

Question 12

sternocleidomastoid muscle

Answer 12

the powerful muscle at the sides of the neck that facilitate turning of the head.

Question 13

subcutaneous emphysema

Answer 13

air-filled bubbles that are palpable underneath the skin; indicates an injury to an airway structure.

Question 14

aneurysm

Answer 14

ballooning of an artery that weakens it and predisposes it to rupture.

Question 15

closed chest injury

Answer 15

a chest injury without penetration of the chest cavity.

Question 16

commotio cordis

Answer 16

sudden cardiac death due to blunt thoracic trauma without any observable thoracic or cardiac damage.

Question 17

flail chest

Answer 17

a condition in which two or more adjacent ribs are fractured in two or more places, causing a free-floating segment of the chest wall.

Question 18

hemoptysis

Answer 18

coughing up blood.

Question 19

hemothorax

Answer 19

an accumulation of blood in the pleural space.

Question 20

myocardial contusion

Answer 20

a bruise of the heart muscle.

Question 21

open chest injury

Answer 21

a chest injury that involves penetration of the chest wall.

Question 22

paradoxical motion

Answer 22

inward movement of a flail chest segment upon inhalation.

Question 23

pericardial tamponade

Answer 23

the accumulation of blood or other fluid within the pericardial sac.

Question 24

pneumothorax

Answer 24

air in the pleural space.

Question 25

pulmonary contusion

Answer 25

a bruise of the lung tissue.

Question 26

pulse pressure

Answer 26

the difference between the maximum (systolic) and minimum (diastolic) blood pressures during a single heartbeat.

Question 27

sucking chest wound

Answer 27

a chest wound that penetrates the pleura or lung, allowing air to be “sucked” into the pleural space upon each inspiration.

Question 28

tension pneumothorax

Answer 28

the accumulation of pressurized air within the pleural space; causes the displacement of the great vessels, tracheal deviation, distention of the jugular veins, and compression of the other lung.

Question 29

traumatic asphyxia

Answer 29

the inability to breathe and hypoxia that results from the inability of the chest wall to expand due to external pressure or massive crushing trauma.

Question 30

antivenom

Answer 30

a biological material (antibodies) administered to a patient to counteract exposure to a specific kind of venom; is produced by injecting the venom into an animal and then harvesting the antibodies that the animal makes against the venom.

Question 31

bullae

Answer 31

large blisters containing clear or bloody fluid.

Question 32

envenomation

Answer 32

poisonous effects caused by bites or stings.

Question 33

necrosis

Answer 33

death of tissue.

Question 34

rash

Answer 34

a temporary eruption on the skin.

Question 35

arterial gas embolism (AGE)

Answer 35

a condition that occurs immediately after rapid ascent in which air bubbles enter the bloodstream from a ruptured alveolus and lodge in an artery.

Question 36

barotrauma

Answer 36

trauma that is caused by differences in pressure between the body and the environment.

Question 37

decompression sickness

Answer 37

formation of nitrogen bubbles in tissues from a too-rapid ascent.

Question 38

drowning

Answer 38

suffocation by submersion in water.

Question 39

laryngospasm

Answer 39

spasm of the vocal cords that prevents air movement through the respiratory tract.

Question 40

mammalian diving reflex

Answer 40

a reflexive response to diving in many mammals that is characterized by physiological changes that decrease oxygen consumption (including slowed heart rate and decreased blood flow to the abdominal organs and muscles) until breathing resumes.

Question 41

near-drowning

Answer 41

survival for at least 24 hours after being suffocated by submersion in water.

Question 42

partial pressure

Answer 42

the pressure of a single gas within a mixture of gases; the partial pressure of each gas in a mixture of gases is equal to the pressure that gas would exert if it occupied the same volume alone at the same temperature.

Question 43

tonicity

Answer 43

a property of solutions that relates to the concentration of solutes (such as salt) it contains, and how the water in a solution moves across a cell membrane; water in a solution crosses a cell membrane from the side that has the lower tonicity (a hypotonic solution) to the side that has the higher tonicity (a hypertonic solution); pure water is hypotonic to the solution within cells because that solution contains salts.