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OEC 5th > Terms 13,15 > Flashcards

Terms 13,15 Flashcards

1
Q

accessory muscles of respiration

A

various muscles of the neck, chest, and abdomen that may become active when depth of respiration must be significantly increased.

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1
Q

acute myocardial infarction (AMI)

A

the interruption of blood supply to part of the heart, causing death of heart muscle. Also known as a heart attack.

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2
Q

advanced life support (ALS)

A

a level of EMS care for which providers are trained and authorized to insert advanced airway devices, initiate intravenous lines, and give medications.

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3
Q

airway patency

A

a condition in which an airway is open and unobstructed.

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4
Q

alveoli

A

tiny air sacs within the lungs; the sites at which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between inhaled air and the bloodstream.

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5
Q

angina pectoris

A

sudden chest pain due to an inadequate supply of oxygen to the heart muscle; also called angina.

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6
Q

anoxia

A

a condition characterized by the lack of an oxygen supply.

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7
Q

aorta

A

the large muscular artery that originates at the heart and serves as the main trunk of the arterial system.

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8
Q

aortic aneurysm

A

an abnormal dilation, bulging, or ballooning of the aorta.

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9
Q

arrhythmia

A

abnormal heart rhythm.

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10
Q

asystole

A

absence of a heartbeat due to lack of cardiac electrical activity.

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11
Q

atherosclerosis

A

a form of arteriosclerosis in which cholesterol and lipid plaques form within the walls of arteries.

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12
Q

automated external defibrillator (AED)

A

a medical device used to deliver an electrical shock to a patient in an effort to restore an effective heart rhythm.

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13
Q

automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD)

A

an implantable defibrillator that recognizes common lethal heart rhythms and then delivers an electrical shock to the heart to restore an effective heart rhythm.

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14
Q

basic life support (BLS)

A

a basic level of EMS care for which providers are trained and authorized to provide basic interventions, including noninvasive airway devices, application of oxygen, CPR, and basic first aid.

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15
Q

bradypnea

A

a decreased respiration rate; in adults, less than 10 rpm.

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16
Q

breath sounds

A

the noises produced by the pulmonary structures during respiration.

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17
Q

bronchospasm

A

the involuntary contraction of the bronchioles.

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18
Q

cardiac arrest

A

cessation of a functional heartbeat.

19
Q

cardiogenic shock

A

a condition whereby body tissues are oxygen deprived due to the heart’s inability to adequately pump blood; may follow a large acute myocardial infarction.

20
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

a procedure to revive a patient who is pulseless and not breathing.

21
Q

cardioversion

A

the restoration of a normal rhythm of the heart by electrical shock.

22
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

a condition in which the airways and alveoli become damaged, typically by long-term smoke exposure; its two most important forms are chronic bronchitis and chronic emphysema.

23
Q

congestive heart failure

A

failure of the heart to efficiently pump blood to body tissues.

24
Q

coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)

A

an operation that uses grafts of healthy blood vessels to bypass diseased arteries that supply the heart tissue.

25
Q

coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

narrowing of the coronary arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle.

26
Q

crepitus

A

a “crackling” feel of the skin of the chest that is detected by palpation; is caused by the presence of air trapped beneath the skin.

27
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult or labored breathing accompanied by feeling short of breath.

28
Q

edema

A

abnormal buildup of fluid in body tissues.

29
Q

embolus

A

a blood clot, fat, or other solid material in the venous system that breaks loose and is carried in the bloodstream, lodging in another site in the body.

30
Q

hypertension

A

hypertension abnormally high blood pressure.

31
Q

infarction

A

formation of an area of dead tissue due to inadequate blood flow.

32
Q

ischemia

A

a deficiency in blood supply (and thus a deficiency of nutrients) to a tissue; if prolonged, may result in infarction.

33
Q

myocardium

A

heart muscle tissue.

34
Q

pacemaker

A

a device that substitutes for the pace-making tissue of the heart; can be surgically implanted.

35
Q

perfusion

A

the delivery of oxygen and nutrient-rich blood to tissues.

36
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of the pericardium or sac surrounding the heart, causing chest pain.

37
Q

pleura

A

the thin transparent membrane covering the outside of the lungs and the inside of the chest wall.

38
Q

pleural space

A

the potential space that lies within the pleura covering the outside of the lungs and the inside of the chest wall.

39
Q

pneumothorax

A

an abnormal collection of air within the pleural space.

40
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

a condition in which a clot or other obstruction (an embolus) partially or completely blocks a pulmonary artery.

41
Q

thrombus

A

a clot in the blood.

42
Q

ventilation

A

the process by which air moves into and out of the lungs, so that oxygen can be exchanged for carbon dioxide in the alveoli.

43
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

chaotic and ineffective contraction of the ventricles that leads to cardiac arrest.

44
Q

ventricular tachycardia

A

rapid contraction of the ventricles that can lead to ineffective blood flow to body tissues and eventually cardiac arrest.

45
Q

wheezing

A

a high-pitched respiratory sound caused by a narrowing of the tubular airways.

OEC 5th (16 decks)

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