Terms 12,25,26,28

Question 1

dermal poison

Answer 1

a toxin absorbed through the skin.

Question 1

designer drug

Answer 1

a drug constructed by a chemist to produce unique and specific effects.

Question 2

ingested poison

Answer 2

a toxin that enters the body through the mouth.

Question 3

inhaled poison

Answer 3

a toxin that is absorbed through the lungs.

Question 4

injected poison

Answer 4

a toxin injected into a vein or another tissue.

Question 5

opiate

Answer 5

a narcotic drug that is derived from and has the same effect as opium.

Question 6

poison

Answer 6

any substance that is injurious to health or dangerous to life.

Question 7

substance abuse

Answer 7

the intentional misuse of a substance that results in significant impairment.

Question 8

toxicological event

Answer 8

an event where a patient has been exposed to a harmful substance OR an incident in which the intentional or unintentional use of a substance or poison either endangers public safety and/or results in a medical emergency.

Question 9

toxin

Answer 9

a noxious or poisonous substance produced by an organism.

Question 10

withdrawal

Answer 10

the physical and mental readjustment that accompanies the discontinued use of an addictive substance.

Question 11

afterdrop

Answer 11

a continued drop in core temperature after removal from cold exposure.

Question 12

convection

Answer 12

direct transfer of heat through circulating air; is increased when skin is exposed to wind.

Question 13

frostbite

Answer 13

damage to tissues from freezing due to the formation of ice crystals between and within cells, rupturing the cells and leading to cell death.

Question 14

hypothermia

Answer 14

an abnormally low body temperature; below 95F (35C).

Question 15

thermoregulation

Answer 15

the process of maintaining normal body temperature.

Question 16

wind chill

Answer 16

the apparent temperature felt on exposed skin; is a function of the air temperature and wind speed.

Question 17

ambient temperature

Answer 17

the temperature in the immediate environment.

Question 18

core body temperature

Answer 18

the temperature in the part of the body that contains the vital organs.

Question 19

heat acclimatization

Answer 19

adaptation of the body over time to a hot environment.

Question 20

heat cramps

Answer 20

painful muscle cramps that result from dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.

Question 21

heat exhaustion

Answer 21

a condition characterized by fatigue, dizziness, nausea, and headache caused by dehydration and elevated core body temperature.

Question 22

heat index

Answer 22

a measure of the risk for heat illness; combines the effects of increasing ambient temperature and increasing humidity.

Question 23

heat stroke

Answer 23

a life-threatening elevation of core body temperature associated with shock and a deteriorating level of responsiveness.

Question 24

heat-related syncope

Answer 24

fainting secondary to pooling of the blood in the extremities due to increased core body temperature.

Question 25

humidity

Answer 25

the amount of water vapor in the air.

Question 26

hyperthermia

Answer 26

elevated core body temperature.

Question 27

hyponatremia

Answer 27

dilution of the sodium level in the blood.

Question 28

acclimatization

Answer 28

the body’s physiologic process of gradual adjustment to changes in such factors as light, temperature, or altitude.

Question 29

acute mountain sickness (AMS)

Answer 29

a usually mild medical condition that is caused by exposure to high altitude.

Question 30

altitude illness

Answer 30

encompasses all types of illness due to altitude (AMS, HAPE, and HACE).

Question 31

ataxia

Answer 31

uncoordinated muscle movements; at high altitudes, it is associated with HACE.

Question 32

chilblains

Answer 32

a skin condition resembling frost nip that results from prolonged exposure to cold, wet conditions.

Question 33

Gamow bag

Answer 33

a portable hyperbaric chamber that is used to treat high-altitude sickness.

Question 34

high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE)

Answer 34

a potentially deadly condition in which the brain swells in individuals at high altitude.

Question 35

high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)

Answer 35

a condition in which fluid accumulates in the lungs of individuals at high altitude.

Question 36

hypoxemia

Answer 36

insufficient oxygenation of the blood.

Question 37

khumbu cough

Answer 37

a dry, persistent cough caused by inhaling excessively cold dry air that is typical at high altitude; also known as high-altitude bronchitis.

Question 38

sleeping altitude

Answer 38

the altitude to which a climber descends to sleep to prevent AMS; is typically 500-1,000 feet below the highest elevation of that day’s ascent.