Terms 20

Question 1

jams and pretzels

Answer 1

a phrase that refers to the process by which someone who is injured and an awkward position is returned to normal supine anatomical position while maintaining spinal alignment.

Question 1

abduction

Answer 1

to move away from the midline of the body.

Question 2

acromioclavicular (A/C) joint

Answer 2

joint of the shoulder in which the acromion (top of the scapula) and the clavicle articulate.

Question 3

adduction

Answer 3

to move toward the midline of the body.

Question 4

angulation

Answer 4

a sharp bend in a broken bone; a broken bone that is visibly crooked.

Question 5

appendicular skeleton

Answer 5

the periphery of the skeleton; the bones of the arms and legs.

Question 6

articular cartilage

Answer 6

the cartilage that is affixed to the end of a bone within a joint.

Question 7

articulation

Answer 7

the site at which the ends of two or more bones come together to form a joint.

Question 8

axial

Answer 8

pertaining to the axis of a body part.

Question 9

axial skeleton

Answer 9

the central core of the bony skeleton, consisting of the skull, spine, and supporting thoracic bones.

Question 10

bone crepitus

Answer 10

a noise or palpable feeling of crackling when fractured bone ends rub together.

Question 11

callus

Answer 11

material at a fracture site that forms from a hematoma and later becomes bone.

Question 12

cardiac muscle

Answer 12

specialized muscle of the heart that contracts regularly without stopping.

Question 13

cartilage

Answer 13

a tough, elastic, fibrous connective tissue found in various parts of the body, including the joints, outer ear, and end of the nose.

Question 14

cortex

Answer 14

the hard outer layer of a bone.

Question 15

dislocation

Answer 15

a separation or displacement of the bones of a joint.

Question 16

dorsal

Answer 16

toward the back of the body or of a body part.

Question 17

dorsiflex

Answer 17

to move a part of the body dorsally (toward the back).

Question 18

fracture

Answer 18

a break in a bone’s cortex.

Question 19

immobilization

Answer 19

the process of holding an object in place, as for a fracture by a cast or internal orthopedic hardware.

Question 20

joint

Answer 20

a site at which two or more bones meet.

Question 21

joint capsule

Answer 21

a sheet of fibrous connective tissue enclosing a synovial joint.

Question 22

ligament

Answer 22

tissue that connects a bone to another bone; connective tissue that provides structure for a joint.

Question 23

meniscus

Answer 23

a specialized cartilage found in some joints; such as the knee and the acromioclavicular (A/C) joint.

Question 24

musculosketetal system (MS)

Answer 24

the combination of the bony skeleton, the voluntary muscles, and other supporting structures that gives the body form and enables movement.

Question 25

palmar

Answer 25

on the palm side of the hand.

Question 26

periosteum

Answer 26

the thin outer covering of a bone.

Question 27

plantarflex

Answer 27

movement of the foot or toes downward, toward the sole of the foot.

Question 28

popliteal fossa

Answer 28

posterior part of the knee.

Question 29

skeletal muscle

Answer 29

type of muscle that attaches to the bony skeleton and is controlled voluntarily by the nervous system; functions to move joints to perform physical activities.

Question 30

sling and swathe

Answer 30

a soft splint used to immobilize many upper extremity injuries.

Question 31

smooth muscle

Answer 31

type of muscle found in organs of the body; is controlled by the autonomic nervous system; functions to push food through the intestine, contract blood vessels, and regulate other internal functions.

Question 32

splint

Answer 32

a mechanical device used to prevent a part of the body from moving, protecting it from further injury.

Question 33

sprain

Answer 33

a stretched or torn ligament.

Question 34

stabilized extrication

Answer 34

keeping a patient’s spine anatomically aligned during removal from an accident, therefore preventing any neurologic damage.

Question 35

strain

Answer 35

a stretched or torn muscle or tendon.

Question 36

subluxation

Answer 36

an event in which a joint dislocates partially and returns to its normal anatomical position.

Question 37

synovium

Answer 37

the inner layer of the joint capsule whose cells make a viscous fluid that lubricates joints.

Question 38

tendon

Answer 38

the non-contractile continuation of a muscle that gives it a mechanical advantage.

Question 39

tension

Answer 39

the amount of force necessary to stretch something; when used to refer to aligning a fractured long bone, the force required to straighten out the affected limb (usually 7-8 pounds).

Question 40

traction

Answer 40

the amount of force required to straighten a limb and keep it in alignment; for a fractured femur, typically 10 percent of the patient’s body weight, or approximately 15 pounds.

Question 41

traction splint

Answer 41

a splint used on a lower extremity to align a fracture, such as a mid-shaft fracture of the femur.

Question 42

valgus

Answer 42

lateral (outward) angulation of a bone or joint (away from the midline).

Question 43

varus

Answer 43

medial (inward) angulation of a bone or joint (toward the midline).

Question 44

volar

Answer 44

on the front of the body.

Question 45

zone of injury

Answer 45

the area that is close to or surrounding an injury of an extremity, such as a sprain or fracture.