Terminology Review Flashcards
Define: Virus
Infectious agent that replicates only within the cells of living hosts. Composed of an RNA or DNA core with a protein coat. Some may have a surrounding envelope
- Mainly bacteria, plants, and animals
Define: Pathogen
Any Disease Causing Microbes: Bacteria, Virus, etc
Define: Immunity
A body’s protection against pathogens
Define: Natural Immunity
Either passive through mother coming across the pathogen and recovering from disease
Define: Artificial Active Immunity
Usually describing a vaccine creating a memory of the pathogen without causing the disease
Define: Novel Virus
A brand new virus that the human body does not recognize the viral RNA so we have no immunity to it therefore doctors do not have any medication for it
Define: Epidemic
A sudden a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time
Define: Pandemic
Disease occurrence prevalent over a whole country or the world
Define: Ubiquity
Means everywhere
Symbiosis
living together
Parasitism
invading organism benefits from host at expense of host
Commensualism
microbe benefits, host unharmed
Mutualism
both host and microbe benefit
Pathogen
An organism or agent capable of causing disease
Disease
– illness that alters body structures and functions
Symptoms –
subjective changes in body function. May not be obvious to an observer. (Pain, malaise)
Signs
objective changes, observable, measurable (lesions, swelling, fever, paralysis)
Syndrome –
specific group of symptoms/signs that always accompany a particular disease
Communicable disease –
disease easily spreads from one host to another, either directly or indirectly. (Chicken pox, measles, genitalherpes, tuberculosis)
Contagious disease –
disease easily spread directly from one host to another (chicken pox, measles)
Non-communicable disease –
not spread from one host to another – caused by microbes that normally inhabit the body and only occasionally produce disease, or by microbes that reside outside the body and produce disease only when introduced into the body (tetanus – produces disease only when it is introduced into a body via abrasions or wounds.)
Sporadic –
occurs only occasionally (typhoid fever)
Endemic –
constantly present in a population (cold) (def= native to a population)
Epidemic –
many hosts in a given area acquire a certain disease in a relatively short period of time (influenza, AIDS, gonorrhea)
Pandemic –
epidemic disease that occurs in multiple parts of the world (influenza, AIDS) or disease that affects the majority of the population of a large region (dental caries, periodontal disease)
Virulence –
degree of pathogenicity
Vector
Intermediary hosts that carry the disease from one species to another – often arthropods
Fomite –
AKA vehicle – inanimate objects that transmit
disease
Reservoir –
site where the infectious agent survives
Acute disease –
one that develops rapidly but lasts only a short time (influenza)
Chronic disease –
develops more slowly, body reactions may be less severe, but disease is continual or recurrent for long periods (infectious mononucleosis, FeLV, tuberculosis, hepatitis B)
Subacute disease
between acute/chronic
Latent disease –
causative agent remains inactive for a time but then becomes active to produce symptoms shingles)
Infection –
organism growing and multiplying inside host
Primary infection
acute infection – causes initial illness
Secondary infection
– opportunistic pathogen – occurs after primary infection has weakened body defenses
Subclinical (inapparent) infection –
does not cause any noticeable illness
Bacteremia
bacteria present in the blood
Septicemia –
bacteria present in the blood causing inflammation throughout the body
Toxemia –
presence of toxin in the blood
Viremia –
viruses in the blood
Intoxication
disease that is caused by a toxin, rather than the org itself
Nosocomial disease
– acquired illness as a result of a hospital stay
Monoclonal Antibodies Refer to?
Different types of antibodies
Define: Prophylaxis
Protection
Antiserum refers to?
Antibody(ab) rich serum
What is another name for a killed vaccine?
Inactivated vaccine
Explain killed vaccines
The vaccine is unable to cause the disease still triggering the bodies immune response but not as intense therefore boosters are needed.
Example: Rabies Vx
Chemotherapeutic:
Chemical agent used in the body for therapeutic purposes
Antimicrobial Agents:
Created from other microorganisms to use against other microorganisms
Antibiotic:
Must be a live organism in order to be a antibiotic. Greek meaning “against life”. Has antimicrobial agents that are natural products against microorganisms.
Synthetics:
Lab Made - Not a living organism
Rickettsia
Transferred through arthropod vectors (parasites) obligate intraceullar parasites meaning that they must be inside the host
Chlamydiae:
Transmitted through aerolized and bodily fluid. Obliagate intraceullar parasite.
Define: Pure culture
A population of cells resulting from the growth of a single cell.
Define: Bacteriophage
A virus that only infects bacteria
