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VT150 | Microbiology > Terminology Review > Flashcards

Terminology Review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define: Virus

A

Infectious agent that replicates only within the cells of living hosts. Composed of an RNA or DNA core with a protein coat. Some may have a surrounding envelope
- Mainly bacteria, plants, and animals

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2
Q

Define: Pathogen

A

Any Disease Causing Microbes: Bacteria, Virus, etc

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3
Q

Define: Immunity

A

A body’s protection against pathogens

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4
Q

Define: Natural Immunity

A

Either passive through mother coming across the pathogen and recovering from disease

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5
Q

Define: Artificial Active Immunity

A

Usually describing a vaccine creating a memory of the pathogen without causing the disease

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6
Q

Define: Novel Virus

A

A brand new virus that the human body does not recognize the viral RNA so we have no immunity to it therefore doctors do not have any medication for it

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7
Q

Define: Epidemic

A

A sudden a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time

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8
Q

Define: Pandemic

A

Disease occurrence prevalent over a whole country or the world

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9
Q

Define: Ubiquity

A

Means everywhere

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10
Q

Symbiosis

A

living together

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11
Q

Parasitism

A

invading organism benefits from host at expense of host

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12
Q

Commensualism

A

microbe benefits, host unharmed

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13
Q

Mutualism

A

both host and microbe benefit

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14
Q

Pathogen

A

An organism or agent capable of causing disease

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15
Q

Disease

A

– illness that alters body structures and functions

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16
Q

Symptoms –

A

subjective changes in body function. May not be obvious to an observer. (Pain, malaise)

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17
Q

Signs

A

objective changes, observable, measurable (lesions, swelling, fever, paralysis)

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18
Q

Syndrome –

A

specific group of symptoms/signs that always accompany a particular disease

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19
Q

Communicable disease –

A

disease easily spreads from one host to another, either directly or indirectly. (Chicken pox, measles, genitalherpes, tuberculosis)

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20
Q

Contagious disease –

A

disease easily spread directly from one host to another (chicken pox, measles)

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21
Q

Non-communicable disease –

A

not spread from one host to another – caused by microbes that normally inhabit the body and only occasionally produce disease, or by microbes that reside outside the body and produce disease only when introduced into the body (tetanus – produces disease only when it is introduced into a body via abrasions or wounds.)

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22
Q

Sporadic –

A

occurs only occasionally (typhoid fever)

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23
Q

Endemic –

A

constantly present in a population (cold) (def= native to a population)

24
Q

Epidemic –

A

many hosts in a given area acquire a certain disease in a relatively short period of time (influenza, AIDS, gonorrhea)

25
Q

Pandemic –

A

epidemic disease that occurs in multiple parts of the world (influenza, AIDS) or disease that affects the majority of the population of a large region (dental caries, periodontal disease)

26
Q

Virulence –

A

degree of pathogenicity

27
Q

Vector

A

Intermediary hosts that carry the disease from one species to another – often arthropods

28
Q

Fomite –

A

AKA vehicle – inanimate objects that transmit
disease

29
Q

Reservoir –

A

site where the infectious agent survives

30
Q

Acute disease –

A

one that develops rapidly but lasts only a short time (influenza)

31
Q

Chronic disease –

A

develops more slowly, body reactions may be less severe, but disease is continual or recurrent for long periods (infectious mononucleosis, FeLV, tuberculosis, hepatitis B)

32
Q

Subacute disease

A

between acute/chronic

33
Q

Latent disease –

A

causative agent remains inactive for a time but then becomes active to produce symptoms shingles)

34
Q

Infection –

A

organism growing and multiplying inside host

35
Q

Primary infection

A

acute infection – causes initial illness

36
Q

Secondary infection

A

– opportunistic pathogen – occurs after primary infection has weakened body defenses

37
Q

Subclinical (inapparent) infection –

A

does not cause any noticeable illness

38
Q

Bacteremia

A

bacteria present in the blood

39
Q

Septicemia –

A

bacteria present in the blood causing inflammation throughout the body

40
Q

Toxemia –

A

presence of toxin in the blood

41
Q

Viremia –

A

viruses in the blood

42
Q

Intoxication

A

disease that is caused by a toxin, rather than the org itself

43
Q

Nosocomial disease

A

– acquired illness as a result of a hospital stay

44
Q

Monoclonal Antibodies Refer to?

A

Different types of antibodies

45
Q

Define: Prophylaxis

A

Protection

46
Q

Antiserum refers to?

A

Antibody(ab) rich serum

47
Q

What is another name for a killed vaccine?

A

Inactivated vaccine

48
Q

Explain killed vaccines

A

The vaccine is unable to cause the disease still triggering the bodies immune response but not as intense therefore boosters are needed.
Example: Rabies Vx

49
Q

Chemotherapeutic:

A

Chemical agent used in the body for therapeutic purposes

50
Q

Antimicrobial Agents:

A

Created from other microorganisms to use against other microorganisms

51
Q

Antibiotic:

A

Must be a live organism in order to be a antibiotic. Greek meaning “against life”. Has antimicrobial agents that are natural products against microorganisms.

52
Q

Synthetics:

A

Lab Made - Not a living organism

53
Q

Rickettsia

A

Transferred through arthropod vectors (parasites) obligate intraceullar parasites meaning that they must be inside the host

54
Q

Chlamydiae:

A

Transmitted through aerolized and bodily fluid. Obliagate intraceullar parasite.

55
Q

Define: Pure culture

A

A population of cells resulting from the growth of a single cell.

56
Q

Define: Bacteriophage

A

A virus that only infects bacteria

VT150 | Microbiology (11 decks)

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