Terminology Review

Question 1

Define: Virus

Answer 1

Infectious agent that replicates only within the cells of living hosts. Composed of an RNA or DNA core with a protein coat. Some may have a surrounding envelope
- Mainly bacteria, plants, and animals

Question 2

Define: Pathogen

Answer 2

Any Disease Causing Microbes: Bacteria, Virus, etc

Question 3

Define: Immunity

Answer 3

A body’s protection against pathogens

Question 4

Define: Natural Immunity

Answer 4

Either passive through mother coming across the pathogen and recovering from disease

Question 5

Define: Artificial Active Immunity

Answer 5

Usually describing a vaccine creating a memory of the pathogen without causing the disease

Question 6

Define: Novel Virus

Answer 6

A brand new virus that the human body does not recognize the viral RNA so we have no immunity to it therefore doctors do not have any medication for it

Question 7

Define: Epidemic

Answer 7

A sudden a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time

Question 8

Define: Pandemic

Answer 8

Disease occurrence prevalent over a whole country or the world

Question 9

Define: Ubiquity

Answer 9

Means everywhere

Question 10

Symbiosis

Answer 10

living together

Question 11

Parasitism

Answer 11

invading organism benefits from host at expense of host

Question 12

Commensualism

Answer 12

microbe benefits, host unharmed

Question 13

Mutualism

Answer 13

both host and microbe benefit

Question 14

Pathogen

Answer 14

An organism or agent capable of causing disease

Question 15

Disease

Answer 15

– illness that alters body structures and functions

Question 16

Symptoms –

Answer 16

subjective changes in body function. May not be obvious to an observer. (Pain, malaise)

Question 17

Signs

Answer 17

objective changes, observable, measurable (lesions, swelling, fever, paralysis)

Question 18

Syndrome –

Answer 18

specific group of symptoms/signs that always accompany a particular disease

Question 19

Communicable disease –

Answer 19

disease easily spreads from one host to another, either directly or indirectly. (Chicken pox, measles, genitalherpes, tuberculosis)

Question 20

Contagious disease –

Answer 20

disease easily spread directly from one host to another (chicken pox, measles)

Question 21

Non-communicable disease –

Answer 21

not spread from one host to another – caused by microbes that normally inhabit the body and only occasionally produce disease, or by microbes that reside outside the body and produce disease only when introduced into the body (tetanus – produces disease only when it is introduced into a body via abrasions or wounds.)

Question 22

Sporadic –

Answer 22

occurs only occasionally (typhoid fever)

Question 23

Endemic –

Answer 23

constantly present in a population (cold) (def= native to a population)

Question 24

Epidemic –

Answer 24

many hosts in a given area acquire a certain disease in a relatively short period of time (influenza, AIDS, gonorrhea)

Question 25

Pandemic –

Answer 25

epidemic disease that occurs in multiple parts of the world (influenza, AIDS) or disease that affects the majority of the population of a large region (dental caries, periodontal disease)

Question 26

Virulence –

Answer 26

degree of pathogenicity

Question 27

Vector

Answer 27

Intermediary hosts that carry the disease from one species to another – often arthropods

Question 28

Fomite –

Answer 28

AKA vehicle – inanimate objects that transmit disease

Question 29

Reservoir –

Answer 29

site where the infectious agent survives

Question 30

Acute disease –

Answer 30

one that develops rapidly but lasts only a short time (influenza)

Question 31

Chronic disease –

Answer 31

develops more slowly, body reactions may be less severe, but disease is continual or recurrent for long periods (infectious mononucleosis, FeLV, tuberculosis, hepatitis B)

Question 32

Subacute disease

Answer 32

between acute/chronic

Question 33

Latent disease –

Answer 33

causative agent remains inactive for a time but then becomes active to produce symptoms shingles)

Question 34

Infection –

Answer 34

organism growing and multiplying inside host

Question 35

Primary infection

Answer 35

acute infection – causes initial illness

Question 36

Secondary infection

Answer 36

– opportunistic pathogen – occurs after primary infection has weakened body defenses

Question 37

Subclinical (inapparent) infection –

Answer 37

does not cause any noticeable illness

Question 38

Bacteremia

Answer 38

bacteria present in the blood

Question 39

Septicemia –

Answer 39

bacteria present in the blood causing inflammation throughout the body

Question 40

Toxemia –

Answer 40

presence of toxin in the blood

Question 41

Viremia –

Answer 41

viruses in the blood

Question 42

Intoxication

Answer 42

disease that is caused by a toxin, rather than the org itself

Question 43

Nosocomial disease

Answer 43

– acquired illness as a result of a hospital stay

Question 44

Monoclonal Antibodies Refer to?

Answer 44

Different types of antibodies

Question 45

Define: Prophylaxis

Answer 45

Protection

Question 46

Antiserum refers to?

Answer 46

Antibody(ab) rich serum

Question 47

What is another name for a killed vaccine?

Answer 47

Inactivated vaccine

Question 48

Explain killed vaccines

Answer 48

The vaccine is unable to cause the disease still triggering the bodies immune response but not as intense therefore boosters are needed. Example: Rabies Vx

Question 49

Chemotherapeutic:

Answer 49

Chemical agent used in the body for therapeutic purposes

Question 50

Antimicrobial Agents:

Answer 50

Created from other microorganisms to use against other microorganisms

Question 51

Antibiotic:

Answer 51

Must be a live organism in order to be a antibiotic. Greek meaning “against life”. Has antimicrobial agents that are natural products against microorganisms.

Question 52

Synthetics:

Answer 52

Lab Made - Not a living organism

Question 53

Rickettsia

Answer 53

Transferred through arthropod vectors (parasites) obligate intraceullar parasites meaning that they must be inside the host

Question 54

Chlamydiae:

Answer 54

Transmitted through aerolized and bodily fluid. Obliagate intraceullar parasite.

Question 55

Define: Pure culture

Answer 55

A population of cells resulting from the growth of a single cell.

Question 56

Define: Bacteriophage

Answer 56

A virus that only infects bacteria