Terminology Flashcards
Disease
a pathological condition of the body that
presents a group of symptoms peculiar to it and
which sets the condition apart as an abnormal
entity differing from other normal or pathological
body states
Pathology
study of the nature and cause of
disease which involves changes in structure and
function
pathologic
diseased
pathogenesis
origination and development of
disease
Etiology
the study of the causes of disease
etiologic (agent)
pertaining to the cause of the disease
epidemiology
science concerned with defining
and explaining the interrelationships of factors that
determine disease frequency and distribution
Koch’s law
criterion used in proving an organism is
the cause of a disease or lesion
•The microorganism is regularly found in the lesions of the disease •Pure cultures can be obtained from it •Pure cultures when inoculated into susceptible animals can reproduce the disease or pathologic condition. •Organisms can be obtained again in pure culture from the inoculated animal
immunology
study of immune function
immunity
body’s defense against disease
pathogen
a microorganism or substance capable of causing disease
parasite
an organism that lives within, upon, or at
the expense of another organism, known as the
host, without contributing to the survival of the
host
saprophyte
living or growing in decaying or dead matter
commensal
one of two organisms
which live in an intimate, non-parasitic
relationship; symbiosis
zoonosis
a disease that is
communicable between humans and
animals under natural conditions
incubation period
The interval between the
introduction of a pathogenic agent into the body
and the occurrence of observable symptoms of the
disease.
morbitity
The number(%) of a herd or flock which show symptoms of the disease in the face of an outbreak.
mortality
The number (%) of a herd or flock which die from the disease
infectious diseases
can be spread from
one animal to another or acquired from
the environment and involve a pathogenic agent.
non-infectious diseases
caused by a
variety of mechanisms, but do not
involve a pathogenic agent.
stress (Predisposing causes of disease)
The most important cause. Heat/cold,
inclement weather, poor shelter, poor
nutrition/starvation, transportation, sever exercise,
weaning, abuse, changes of feed, anxiety, fear and
pain.
age (Predisposing causes of disease)
Younger animals are usually more susceptible
due to lower degree of immunity.
nutritional (Predisposing causes of disease)
Lack of adequate nutrition results in
lessened ability to withstand exposure to pathogens
and increases incidence of metabolic disease. Lack
of certain minerals => disease
hereditary (Predisposing causes of disease)
Hernia, crytorchidism,
dwarfism, hydrocephalus
breed (Predisposing causes of disease)
skin pigmentation,
photosensitization, squamous cell
carcinoma
genus (Predisposing causes of disease)
hog cholera only in pigs
sex (Predisposing causes of disease)
erysipelas only in male Turkeys
geographical (Occurrence, Prevalence and Incidence of
Disease)
soil conditions, wet/dry, acid/akali,
can dictate occurrence of certain diseases.
Deficient soils can result in deficient forages
weather (Occurrence, Prevalence and Incidence of
Disease)
Frost on plants can lead to higher
occurrence of bloat.
seasonal (Occurrence, Prevalence and Incidence of
Disease)
Grass tetany in spring/fall. Plant
poisoning in pastures occur certain times of the
year
age group (Occurrence, Prevalence and Incidence of Disease)
Young animals more susceptible to
enteric diseases. E coli, coccidiosis, salmonellosis.
confinement (Occurrence, Prevalence and Incidence of
Disease)
close confinement accelerates
exposure and incidence of disease.
exposure to pathogenic diseases (Occurrence, Prevalence and Incidence of
Disease)
Some diseases are
endemic to an area and occur on a yearly or regular
basis unless preventative measures are taken.
Introduction of affected animals into a herd or area
can initiate occurrence of disease.
infectious disease agents
parasites bacteria viruses rickettsia chlamydia mycoplasma protozoa fungi prions (scrapie, BSE)
DAMNNITT scheme
degenerative anamalous metabolic nutritional neoplasia infectious inherited traumatic toxic
mode of transmittion of infectious agents
Sexual contact
• Excretions: Urine/feces
• Secretions: vaginal, rectal, lacrimal, nasal, mammary,
salivary
• Parasites: Internal/External
• Contaminated food and water
• Airborn
• Animal vectors: Rabies, west nile virus, EPM
• Fomites: corrals, buckets, etc.
• Humans: wash hands, change coveralls, etc.
modes of entry
- Ingestion
- Inhalation
- Genitourinary tract
- Teat canal
- Mucous membranes
- Wounds
- Insect bites
