Terminology

Question 1

Disease

Answer 1

a pathological condition of the body that
presents a group of symptoms peculiar to it and
which sets the condition apart as an abnormal
entity differing from other normal or pathological
body states

Question 2

Pathology

Answer 2

study of the nature and cause of
disease which involves changes in structure and
function

Question 3

pathologic

Answer 3

diseased

Question 4

pathogenesis

Answer 4

origination and development of

disease

Question 5

Etiology

Answer 5

the study of the causes of disease

Question 6

etiologic (agent)

Answer 6

pertaining to the cause of the disease

Question 7

epidemiology

Answer 7

science concerned with defining
and explaining the interrelationships of factors that
determine disease frequency and distribution

Question 8

Koch’s law

Answer 8

criterion used in proving an organism is
the cause of a disease or lesion

•The microorganism is regularly found in
the lesions of the disease
•Pure cultures can be obtained from it
•Pure cultures when inoculated into
susceptible animals can reproduce the
disease or pathologic condition.
•Organisms can be obtained again in
pure culture from the inoculated animal

Question 9

immunology

Answer 9

study of immune function

Question 10

immunity

Answer 10

body’s defense against disease

Question 11

pathogen

Answer 11

a microorganism or substance capable of causing disease

Question 12

parasite

Answer 12

an organism that lives within, upon, or at
the expense of another organism, known as the
host, without contributing to the survival of the
host

Question 13

saprophyte

Answer 13

living or growing in decaying or dead matter

Question 14

commensal

Answer 14

one of two organisms
which live in an intimate, non-parasitic
relationship; symbiosis

Question 15

zoonosis

Answer 15

a disease that is
communicable between humans and
animals under natural conditions

Question 16

incubation period

Answer 16

The interval between the
introduction of a pathogenic agent into the body
and the occurrence of observable symptoms of the
disease.

Question 17

morbitity

Answer 17

The number(%) of a herd or flock which
show symptoms of the disease in the face of an
outbreak.

Question 18

mortality

Answer 18

The number (%) of a herd or flock which
die from the disease

Question 19

infectious diseases

Answer 19

can be spread from
one animal to another or acquired from
the environment and involve a pathogenic agent.

Question 20

non-infectious diseases

Answer 20

caused by a
variety of mechanisms, but do not
involve a pathogenic agent.

Question 21

stress (Predisposing causes of disease)

Answer 21

The most important cause. Heat/cold,
inclement weather, poor shelter, poor
nutrition/starvation, transportation, sever exercise,
weaning, abuse, changes of feed, anxiety, fear and
pain.

Question 22

age (Predisposing causes of disease)

Answer 22

Younger animals are usually more susceptible

due to lower degree of immunity.

Question 23

nutritional (Predisposing causes of disease)

Answer 23

Lack of adequate nutrition results in
lessened ability to withstand exposure to pathogens
and increases incidence of metabolic disease. Lack
of certain minerals => disease

Question 24

hereditary (Predisposing causes of disease)

Answer 24

Hernia, crytorchidism,

dwarfism, hydrocephalus

Question 25

breed (Predisposing causes of disease)

Answer 25

skin pigmentation,
photosensitization, squamous cell
carcinoma

Question 26

genus (Predisposing causes of disease)

Answer 26

hog cholera only in pigs

Question 27

sex (Predisposing causes of disease)

Answer 27

erysipelas only in male Turkeys

Question 28

geographical (Occurrence, Prevalence and Incidence of

Disease)

Answer 28

soil conditions, wet/dry, acid/akali,
can dictate occurrence of certain diseases.
Deficient soils can result in deficient forages

Question 29

weather (Occurrence, Prevalence and Incidence of

Disease)

Answer 29

Frost on plants can lead to higher

occurrence of bloat.

Question 30

seasonal (Occurrence, Prevalence and Incidence of

Disease)

Answer 30

Grass tetany in spring/fall. Plant
poisoning in pastures occur certain times of the
year

Question 31

age group (Occurrence, Prevalence and Incidence of
Disease)

Answer 31

Young animals more susceptible to

enteric diseases. E coli, coccidiosis, salmonellosis.

Question 32

confinement (Occurrence, Prevalence and Incidence of

Disease)

Answer 32

close confinement accelerates

exposure and incidence of disease.

Question 33

exposure to pathogenic diseases (Occurrence, Prevalence and Incidence of
Disease)

Answer 33

Some diseases are
endemic to an area and occur on a yearly or regular
basis unless preventative measures are taken.
Introduction of affected animals into a herd or area
can initiate occurrence of disease.

Question 34

infectious disease agents

Answer 34

parasites
bacteria
viruses
rickettsia
chlamydia
mycoplasma
protozoa
fungi
prions (scrapie, BSE)

Question 35

DAMNNITT scheme

Answer 35

degenerative
anamalous
metabolic
nutritional
neoplasia
infectious
inherited
traumatic
toxic

Question 36

mode of transmittion of infectious agents

Answer 36

Sexual contact
• Excretions: Urine/feces
• Secretions: vaginal, rectal, lacrimal, nasal, mammary,
salivary
• Parasites: Internal/External
• Contaminated food and water
• Airborn
• Animal vectors: Rabies, west nile virus, EPM
• Fomites: corrals, buckets, etc.
• Humans: wash hands, change coveralls, etc.

Question 37

modes of entry

Answer 37

• Ingestion
• Inhalation
• Genitourinary tract
• Teat canal
• Mucous membranes
• Wounds
• Insect bites