Terminology Flashcards
Strain
An overstretching or overextension of some part of the musculature including the tendon. Clinical features include: - Pain on contraction- Pain on active motion (muscle contracts and joint moves)- Pain on resisted motion
Sprain
An overstretching or rupture of ligamentous tissue. Clinical features include:- Pain on active or passive motion (hence, any motion or a sprained joint will produce pain)
Strain/Sprain Differential
Resist or arrest an attempted motion (so that the muscle fibers contract, but the joint does not move), if pain occurs suspect STRAIN. Passively move the same joint, if pain occurs suspect SPRAIN.
Bursitis
Inflammation of a bursa. If calcium infiltration has set in: Calcific Bursitis. The anatomical location is also included, such as: Subacromial Bursitis
Capsulitis
Inflammation of a joint capsule. If characterized by adhesions: Adhesive Capsulitis
Fibrosititis
Inflammatory hyperplasia (excessive formation) of fibrous tissue, particularly of the muscle sheaths and fascia layers. If the condition is non-inflammatory: Fibrosis
Muscular Spasm
Involuntary contraction of muscle tissue which can be of two types:1.) Tonic Spasm (persistent)2.) Clonic Spasm (alternating)
Myositis
Inflammation of voluntary muscle
Myofascitis
Inflammation of a muscle and its fascia, particularly of its fascial insertion of muscle to bone
Neuralgia
Paroxysomal pain that runs along the course of one or more nerves
Neuritis
Inflammation of a nerve. A condition which may be attended by pain and tenderness over the nerves. Anesthesia and parasthesia, as well as paralysis, wasting and disappearance of the reflexes may also characterize the condition
Neuropathy
A general term denoting a functional disturbance and/or pathological changes in the peripheral nervous system. This condition is non-inflammatory.Examples:- Demyelinization changes occurring with diabetes- Changes due to thiamin deficiency in chronic alcoholism- Changes that occur along its course where its direction is abruptly changed as in carpal tunnel syndrome
Paresthesia
A burning, prickling sensation over the skin
Radiculitis
Inflammation of the root of a spinal nerve, especially of the portion of the root which lies between the spinal cord and the intervertebral canal
Synovitis
Inflammation of the synovial membrane. It is painful on motion, and may be attended by swelling. Synovitis often carries a qualifying term with it, such as rheumatic synovitis, urethral synovitis
Tendonitis
Inflammation of tendons or tendon-muscle attachments. This term generally refers to the shorter tendons that do not have a synovial sheath
Tenosynovitis
This term usually refers to the longer tendons which have a sheath. It is assumed that the tendons and its sheath are inflamed
Osteoarthritis
Non-inflammatory degenerative joint disease occurring chiefly in older persons. It is characterized by:1.) Degeneration of the articular cartilage2.) Hypertrophy of the bone at the margins3.) Changes in the synovial membrane
Spondylosis
Ankylosis of a vertebral joint, also, a general term for the degenerative changes that occur with degenerative joint disease, including spur formations that may press upon nerves that run into the arms or legs
Rheumatoid Arthritis
A chronic, inflammatory, systemic disease of unknown etiology than begins with inflammatory changes of the synovial membrane, and then with articular structures, such as the articular cartilage, and then the bone itself. It may run a mild course, or may go and come, or may result in widespread crippling and deformity
Marie-Strumpell Spondylitis
A form of rheumatoid arthritis that affects the spine. It is a systemic illness of unknown etiology that mostly strikes young males. It begins with inflammation of the sacroiliac joints and may spread to the intervertebral and costovertebral joints. It may produce ossificans and ankylosing of the spine joints and can cause complete rigidity of the spine and thorax
Osteoporosis
A loss of density of bone, seen most commonly in the elderly. It may result in deformities and pathological fractures
Tropism
An asymmetrical development of the zygapophysis of the vertebra. One side may feature a sagittal plane and the other a coronal plane
Sacralization
Anomalous fusion of the fifth lumbar vertebra to the sacrum
Spina Bifida
A developmental anomaly characterized by defective closure of the bony encasement of the spinal cord. If the cord and meninges do not protrude, it is called Spina Bifida Occulta. If the cord and meninges do not protrude, it is called Spina Bifida Cystica
