Terminology Flashcards
Cranial
Toward the head
Rostral
toward the nose
Caudal
Toward the tail
Dorsal
Toward the backbone
Ventral
Away from the backbone
Medial
Closest to the median
Lateral
Farthest from the medial plane
Proximal
the point closest to the backbone (used in limbs)
Distal
the point farthest from the backbone (used in limbs)
Anterior
toward the head (used in limbs)
Posterior
Toward the tail (used in limbs)
Palmar
Bottom of the front feet
Plantar
Bottom of the rear feet
Superficial
Toward the outer surface of the animal
Deep
Away from the outer surface of the animal
-cidal
antimicrobials that kill organisms
-static
antimicrobials that only prevent the replication of the organisms
Pneumo
air
Anal, ano-
Anus
Brachial, Brachio-
Arm
Hem-, Hemo-, Hemat-
Blood
Thoracic, Thorax, Thoraco-
Chest
Auricle, oto-
Ear
Ocular, Oculo-, Ophthalmo-
Eye
Pedal, Ped-, Pod-
Foot
Chole, Chol-
Gall Bladder
Cephalic, Cephalo-
Head
Carium, Cardiac, Cardio-
Heart
Renal, nephric, Nephro-
Kidney
Cheil-, Labi-
Lip
Hepatic, Hepato-
Liver
Pulmonary, Pulmonic
Lungs
Oral, Os, Stoma, Stomat-
Mouth
Muscle
Myo-
Ungual
Nail bed
Cervix, Cervical, Cervico-
Neck
Penile
Penis
Perito-
Peritoneum
Rectal
Rectum
Derma-, Integumentum
Skin
Splen-
Spleen
Gastric, Gastro-
Stomach
Orchio-, Orchido-
Testicle
Cysti-, Cysto-
Urinary bladder
Hystera-, metra
Uterus
Vulvo-
Vulva
-algia
-dynia
pain
-emia
blood condition
-ia
condition, disease
-itis
inflammation
-lepsy
seizure or attack
-malacia
softening
-megaly
enlargement
-oma
tumor, mass
-osis
abnormal condition
-pathy
disease
-penia
deficiency
-plegia
paralysis
-pnea
breathing
-sclerosis
hardening
-rrhage
bursting forth
-rrhea
flow, discharge
-rrhexis
breaking open
-centesis
puncture, aspiration
-ectomy
surgical removal
-genic
producing, forming
-graphy
process of recording
-lysis
separation
-opsy
view of, vision
-plasty
surgical repair
-scopy
visual examination
-stomy
opening
-tomy
incision, cutting
A-
No, not, without
-uria
urine, urination
Ab-
away from
Ad-
toward, near
Ana-
up, apart
Ante-
pro, before, forward
Anti-
against
Auto-
self
Bi-
two
Brady-
deficient
Chromo-
color
Co-, Com-, Con-
with, together
Cyano-
Blue
De-
lack of, down
Deci-
one tenth
Dia-
through, between
Dis-
apart, away from
Dys-
bad, painful
Ec-, Ecto-
outside
Endo-
within, in, inner
Epi-
above, upon
Ex-
out
Extra-
outside of
Erythro-
red
Hemi-
half
Hexa-
six
Hyper-
excess, above
Hypo-
below, deficient
Infra-
below, beneath
Intra-
within
Leuko-
white
Macro-
large
Mal-
bad
Melano-
black
Meta-
change
Micro-
small
Mono-
one
Multi-
many
Neo-
new
Pan-
all
Para-
Near, alongside
Peri-
surrounding
Post-
after, behind
Pre-, Pro-, Pros-
before, forward
Poly-
many, much
Pseudo-
False
Re-
Back, again
Retro-
behind, backward
Sub-
Less than, beneath
Supra-
above, upper
Sym-, Syn-
with, together
Tachy-
Fast
Trans-
across, through
Tri-
three
Ultra-
beyond
Xanth-
yellow
-algia
pain
-dynia
pain
-emia
blood condition
-ia
condition, disease
-itis
inflammation
-lepsy
seizure or attack
-malacia
softening
-megaly
enlargement
-oma
tumor, mass
-osis
abnormal condition
-pathy
disease
-penia
deficiency
-plegia
paralysis
-pnea
breathing
-sclerosis
hardening
-rrhage
bursting forth
-rrhea
flow, discharge
-rrhexis
breaking open
-centesis
puncture of
-ectomy
surgical removal
-genic
producing, forming
-graphy
process of recording
-lysis
separation
-opsy
view of, vision
-plasty
surgical repair
-scopy
visual examination
-stomy
opening
-tomy
incision, cutting
-ac, -iac
pertaining to
-al, -eal, -ial
pertaining to
-ar
pertaining to
-ary
pertaining to
-ella
small
-iatric
medical treatment
-ic, -ical
pertaining to
-ine
pertaining to
-oid
resembling
-ous
characteristic of
-plast
cell, living substance
-plasty
formation, plastic repair of
-ular
pertaining to
-vorous
eating
a-
no, not, without
an-
no, not, without
ana-
up, apart
anti-
against
auto-
self
bi-
two
brady-
deficient, under
chloro-
green
chromo-
color
co-
with, together
com-
with, together
con-
with, together
cyano-
blue
de-
down, lack of
deci-
one tenth
di-
two
dia-
through, between, apart, across, completely
dys-
bad, painful
erythro-
red
hemi-
half
hexa-
six
hyper-
excessive, above
hypo-
below, deficient
leuko-
white
macro-
large
mal-
bad
melano-
black
meta-
change, beyond
micro-
small
mono-
one, single
multi-
many
neo-
new
pan-
all
pent-
five
poly-
many, much
pseudo-
false
quadr-
four
sub-
less than, beneath
sym-
syn-
with, together
tachy-
fast
tri-
three
ultra-
beyond
xanth-
yellow
ab-
away from
ad-
toward, near
ante-
before, forward
dia-
through
dis-
apart, away from
ec-, ecto-
outside
endo-
within, in, inner
epi-
above, upon
ex-
out
extra-
outside of
in-
in, into
infra-
below, beneath
inter-
between
intra-
within
meta-
beyond, change
para-
near, alongside
peri-
surrounding
post-
after, behind
pre-
before
pro-, pros-
before, forward
re-
back, again
retro-
behind, backward
sub-
beneath, less than
supra-
above, upper
trans-
across, through
aden/o-
gland
arteri/o-
artery
arthr/o-
joint
blephar/o-
eyelid
bronch/o-
windpipe, throat
cardi/o-
heart
cephal/o-
head
cerebr/o-
brain
chir/o-
hand
chol/o-
bile
chondr/o-
cartilage
col/o-
lower intestine
colp/o-
vagina
cor/o-
pupil of eye
cortic/o-
cortex
cost/o-
rib
cyst/o-
bladder,cyst
cyt/o-
cell
dacry/o-
tears
dent/i-
tooth
dermat/o-
skin
dextr/o-
right side
encephal/o-
brain
enter/o-
intestine
fibr/o-
fibrous
gastr/o-
stomach
gloss/o-
tongue
gynec/o-
woman
hem/a-
blood
hem/o-
blood
hepat/o-
liver
hist/o-
tissue
hydr/o-
water
hyster/o-
uterus, womb
ili/o-
flank, upper hipbone
irid/o-
iris of the eye
labi/o-
lip
lapar/o-
flank, abdominal wall
laryng/o-
windpipe larynx
lip/o-
fat
mast/o-
breast
metr/o-
uterus
muscul/o-
muscle
myel/o-
marrow, spinal cord
my/o-
muscle
nephr/o-
kidney
neur/o-
nerve
odont/o-
tooth
ophthalm/o-
eye
opt/o-
eye
orchid/o-
testes
oss/i-
bone
oste/o-
bone
ot/o-
ear
ov/i-
egg
pharyng/o-
pharynx
phleb/o-
vein
pleur/o-
rib, side of body
pneum/o-
lung, air
pod/o-
foot
poli/o-
gray matter
proct/o-
anus, rectum
psych/o-
mind
pulm/o-
lung
pyel/o-
pelvis
ren/i-
kidney
sacr/o-
sacrum
sangui-
blood
sarc/o-
flesh
ser/o-
serum, blood
sial/o-
salivary glands
somat/o-
body
spondyl/o-
vertebra
stomat/o-
mouth
thorac/o-
chest
thromb/o-
blood clot
trache/o-
windpipe, trachea
trich/o-
hair
urethr/o-
urethra
urin/o-
urine
ur/o-
urine
uter/o-
womb, uterus
vas/o-
vessel
ven/o-
vein
ventr/o-
abdomen
abdominal
space between the diaphragm and hip bones; houses the major digestive organs
alimentary
pertaining to food or nutrition (alimentary canal)
arterial
pertaining to arteries or the blood in them
articular
pertaining to a joint
autonomic
occurring involuntarily
axial
trunk and skull (skeleton)
bowel
division of the intestine
bronchial
pertaining to air tubes of the lungs
capillary
smallest blood vessels
cardiac
pertaining to the heart
cardiac muscle tissue
specialized form of involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart
cardiovascular
pertaining to the heart and blood vessels
cavity
space or hollow within the body
cerebral
pertaining to the brain, particulary the cerebrum
cervical
pertaining to the neck or cervix
cilia
small hairlike structures
circulatory
pertaining to blood circulation
cloaca
urogenital chamber of birds into which the intestinal, urinary, and generative canals discharge
coccygeal
tail area
collateral
secondary or accessory
colon
part of the large intestine
connective tissue
tissue specializing in connection and support of body parts
copulatory
pertaining to sexual intercourse
coronary
regarding the heart
cranial
pertaining to the space enclosed by the skull; houses the brain and pituitary gland
cutaneous
relating to the skin
deciduous
falling out at the end of a stage or season; first set of teeth
dental
pertaining to teeth or dentistry
diaphragm
muscular wall dividing thoracic and abdominal cavities
diaphragmatic
pertaining to the diaphragm
diastolic
regarding the relaxation of the heart muscle, allowing heart chambers to fill with blood
duodenal
pertaining to the duodenum
duodenum
the first or proximal portion of the small intestine
endocrine
secreting internally; relating to endocrine glands
epidermal
relating to the outer layer of skin
epithelial tissue
tissue that protects, lines, or invests body organs
esophagus
tubular food passage between the neck and the stomach
excretory
relating to the discharge of waste
exocrine
external secretion of a gland
extremeties
terminal portions; legs, feet, hooves, paws
fascial
connective tissue membrane
fecal
relating to feces (stool or excrement)
genetic
relating to biological heredity
genital
pertaining to the reproductive organs
hormonal
relating to hormones
integumentary
pertaining to the skin of the body
intestinal
pertaining to the large or small intestine
invest
cover or surround a part of the body
involuntary muscle
muscle tissues that are automatically controlled by the nervous system tissue
genetic
relating to biological heredity
genital
pertaining to the reproductive organs
hormonal
relating to hormones
integumentary
pertaining to the skin of the body
intestinal
pertaining to the large or small intestine
invest
cover or surround part of the body
involuntary muscle
muscle tissues that are automatically controlled by the nervous system tissue
larynx
upper part of the trachea (windpipe)
lumbar
pertaining to the lower back
lymphatic
pertaining to lymph or lymphatic vessels
mediastinum
the mass of tissues and organs separating the two lungs
metabolic
relating to metabolism
mucous (adj.)
secreting mucus or covered by mucus
mucus (n.)
slippery secretion of mucous membranes; acts like a lubrication
muscle tissue
tissue with the power to contract and thus produce movement; can be skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, or cardiac muscle
muscular
pertaining to the muscles
nerve tissue
tissue that carries nerve impulses
nervous
pertaining to the nerves
peritoneum
membrane investing the abdominal cavity and viscera
pleural cavity
space between lungs and pleura
reproductive
concerning the production of offspring
respiratory
pertaining to the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and body cells
skeletal
pertaining to the bones of the body
spinal cavity
spaces within the vertebrae; houses the spinal cord
striated
striped, as in the appearance of voluntary (skeletal) muscles
thoracic cavity
space between the neck and diaphragm; houses the lungs
urinary
pertaining to the system of urine secretion
urogenital
pertaining to organs of excretion and production
vascular
relating to vessels for passage of bodily fluids
viscus (pl. viscera)
internal organ(s), particularly of the abdominal cavity
voluntary muscle tissue
muscle tissues controlled by conscious effort; also called skeletal muscle