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VTNE TEST PREP > Dentistry > Flashcards

Dentistry Flashcards

1
Q

Enamel

A

Outer covering of crown that has no sensory capacity, elasticity, or flexibility
Hardest portion of the tooth

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2
Q

Dentin

A

Makes up the bulk of the tooth
Second hardest tissue in the body
Sensitive to heat, cold, and touch

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3
Q

Pulp

A

Interior cavity
Rich with blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics
Registers pain and quickly becomes contaminated, inflamed, and necrotic if exposed

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4
Q

Cementoenamel Junction (CEJ)

A

junction between the crown and the root

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5
Q

Periodontium

A

Tooth supporting structure
Collection of supporting structures surrounding the teeth

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6
Q

Cementum

A

Avascular and bonelike material that covers the root
Attached to the bone by periodontal ligament fibers
Constantly undergoing resorption and repair

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7
Q

Periodontal Ligament

A

Holds the tooth in the alveolus by attaching the tooth to the alveolar bone
Absorbs shock of impact, protects vessels and nerves, registers pain and tactile pressure, and supplies nutrients to alveolar bone and cementum

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8
Q

Alveolar Bone

A

Surrounds and supports the teeth
Constantly remodeling internally yet remains constant throughout adult life

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9
Q

Osteoblasts vs Osteoclasts

A

Osteoblasts - cells that make bone
Osteoclasts - cells that resorb bone

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10
Q

Gingiva

A

Soft tissue providing epithelial attachment
first line of defense

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11
Q

Free gingiva

A

most coronal gingiva, is not directly attached to the tooth, and forms the sulcus

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12
Q

Attached gingiva

A

Apical to free gingiva

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13
Q

Crown

A

Portion above the CEJ, visible to the naked eye, and covered in enamel

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14
Q

Root

A

Portion below the CEJ that is mainly made of dentin and covered by cementum

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15
Q

Heterodont

A

teeth of mixed form and function

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16
Q

Diphyodont

A

Having a set of primary (deciduous) teeth and secondary (permanent) teeth

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17
Q

Anelodont

A

Having a limited period of growth as they develop roots

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18
Q

Brachyodont

A

Having a root that is longer than the crown

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19
Q

Hypsodont

A

Having a long crown and a short root
Much of the crown is held in reserve subgingivally in the alveolar bone

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20
Q

Elodont

A

Teeth that grow throughout life and never develop roots

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21
Q

Dog and Cat Teeth Types

A

Heterodont, diphyodont dentition with anelodont, brachyodont teeth

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22
Q

Horse Teeth Types

A

Heterodont, diphyodont dentition with anelodont, hypsodont teeth

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23
Q

Rabbit Teeth Types

A

Heterodont, diphyodont dentition with elodont teeth, the deciduous teeth are not functional and are exfoliated shortly before or after birth

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24
Q

Incisor

A

6 incisors in the maxilla and 6 incisors in the mandible
Function: tearing, nibbling, and grooming
-Each only have one root
101-103, 201-203, 301-303, 401-403

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25
Q

Canine

A

2 canine teeth in the maxilla and 2 in the mandible
Function: to grab and tear food and for protection
-Each have only one root which is longer than the crown for protection
-Most prone to fracture due to amount of trauma the tooth is subjected to
104, 204, 304, and 404

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26
Q

Premolar

A

Located behind the teeth
Function: to hold and cut food into digestible pieces
Dogs have 8 premolars in the maxilla and 8 in the mandible
Cats have 6 in the maxilla and 4 in the mandible
Maxilla premolars have one, two, or three roots while mandible premolars have one or two roots

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27
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A
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28
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29
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30
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31
Q
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32
Q

Molar

A

Located behind the premolars
Function: to grind food
In cats, there are 2 in the maxilla and 2 in the mandible with the molars having 1 or 2 roots
In dogs, there are 4 in the maxilla and 8 in the mandible with the molars having 2 or 3 roots

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32
Q
A
32
Q

Carnassial Teeth

A

Cheek teeth found in carnivorous teeth
Function: to shear flesh and bone
In the dog and cat, the carnassial teeth are the upper fourth premolar and the lower first molar

33
Q

Directional Terms - Facial

A

towards the face (also called “labial” for anteriors and “buccal” for posteriors

33
Q

Directional Terms - Lingual

A

towards tongue (also called “palatal” for maxillary teeth)

34
Q

Directional Terms - Palatal

A

towards the palate on the maxillary teeth

35
Q

Directional Terms - Mesial

A

towards midline
If you are nose to nose with the patient, the mesial root is the root closest to you

36
Q

Directional Terms - Distal

A

away from midline
If you are nose to nose with the patient, the distal root is the root more distant to you

37
Q

Directional Terms - Rostral

A

towards nose of animal

38
Q

Directional Terms - Buccal

A

towrds the cheeks

39
Q

Furcation Definition

A

space between 2 roots where they meet the crown

40
Q

Incisal

A

biting surface of incisors

41
Q

Occlusal

A

chewing surface

42
Q

Coronal

A

towards crown

43
Q

Apical

A

towards roots

44
Q

Contact Area

A

Area that touches the adjacent tooth in the same arch
If not present, teeth have an open contract

45
Q

Interproximal space

A

area between adjacent teeth

46
Q

Characteristics of a normal occlusion (also called “scissor bite”)

A

Upper incisors just overlap the lower incisors
Lower canines fit between upper third incisor and upper canine
Interdigitation of upper and lower premolars (side view)

47
Q

Neutrocclusion (Class 1 Malocclusion; MAL/1)

A

Jaw lengths are normal, but one or more teeth are in an abnormal position

48
Q

Distoversion

A

A tooth in its anatomically correct position in the dental arch but abnormally angled in a distal direction

49
Q

Mesioversion

A

A tooth in its anatomically correct position in the dental arch but abnormally angled in a mesial direction

50
Q

Linguoversion

A

A tooth in its anatomically correct position in the dental arch but abnormally angled in a lingual direction

51
Q

Labioversian

A

An incisor/canine tooth in its anatomically correct position in dental arch but abnormally angled in a labial direction

52
Q

Buccoversian

A

A premolar/molar in its anatomically correct position in the dental arch but abnormally angled in a buccal direction

53
Q

Crossbite

A

Mandibular tooth/teeth present a more buccal or labial position that the antagonist maxillary tooth
Can be classified as rostral or caudal

54
Q

Rostral crossbite

A

Mandibular incisor teeth are labial to the opposing maxillary incisor teeth when mouth is closed

55
Q

Caudal crossbite

A

Mandibular cheek teeth are buccal to the opposing maxillary cheek teeth when mouth is closed

56
Q

Mandibular Disocclusion (Class 2 Malocclusion; MAL/2)

A

Overjet
Mandible resides distal (caudal) to its normal location in relation to maxilla
*Often results in mandibular canine teeth traumatizing the palate

57
Q

Mandibular Mesiocclusion (Class 3 Malocclusion; MAL/3)

A

Underjet
Mandible resides mesial (rostral) to its normal location in relation to the maxilla
*Although considered normal in brachycephalic breeds, maxillary incisors that contact the lingual floor or canine teeth can cause significant trauma/discomfort

58
Q

When do primary teeth generally erupt or emerge into the oral cavity?

A

3-6 weeks

59
Q

At 3 months of age, the ____ begin to erupt, and the ____ are shed or exfoliated

A

Permanent teeth

Primary teeth

60
Q

Deciduous teeth are fully erupted by ____, and usually by _____ they are replaced by permanent (secondary or adult teeth)

A

2 months of age

6 months

61
Q

List the order of primary teeth eruptions in dogs

A

Canines first then incisors then fourth, third, and second premolars for total of 28 primary teeth

62
Q

List the order of primary teeth eruptions in cats

A

Incisors before canines followed by premolars for a total of 26 deciduous teeth

63
Q

What happens to deciduous teeth as permanent teeth develop?

A

Resorption causes the roots of the deciduous teeth to be absorbed by the surrounding tissues (also called exfoliation) and usually is complete by 6 months of age

64
Q

What is a period of mixed dentition?

A

Time when the mouth contains both primary and permanent teeth in functional positions

65
Q

Name the canine dental formula

A

2x (3/3 I, 1/1 C, 4/4 P, 2/3 M) = 42

66
Q

Name the feline dental formula

A

2x (3/3 I, 1/1 C, 4/4 P, 2/3 M) = 30
*The upper first premolar and the lower first and second premolar are absent

67
Q

List the deciduous formulas for both cats and dogs and why are they different from the permanent teeth dental formula?

A

Dog: 2x (3/3 I, 1/1 C, 3/3 P) = 28
Cat: 2x (3/3 I, 1/1 C, 3/2 P) = 26
*There are no deciduous counterparts for the first premolar or the molars

68
Q

What causes delayed eruption of permanent teeth? What breeds of dog are predisposed? How is diagnosis confirmed?

A

Delay usually caused by dense, overlying, fibrous gingival tissue preventing normal eruption
Small-breed dogs are typically pre-disposed
Diagnosis is confirmed by x-ray

69
Q

Define operculectomy

A

Performed by removing a small gingival window with No. 11 surgical blade to remove the impediment

70
Q

Which are the most common retained (persistent) deciduous teeth and how are they treated?

A

Canines followed by incisors and premolars
Immediate extraction of the retained tooth

71
Q

How are missing, underlying permanent teeth treated?

A

Once resorption is clinically or radiographically evident, extraction is indicated

72
Q

What causes deciduous teeth to fracture and what is treatment for them?

A

The roots of deciduous teeth are longer and thinner and may be partially resorbed, so treatment involves extraction because of the risk for infection due to exposed pulp

73
Q

Explain the Modified Triadian System

A

Each tooth is given a 3-digit number
First number represents the quadrant
Second and third numbers represent the actual tooth within the arcade

74
Q

List the Permanent (adult) teeth quadrant numbers

A

1 (right maxilla)
2 (left maxilla)
3 (left mandible)
4 (right mandible)

75
Q

List the Primary (baby) teeth quadrant numbers

A

5 (right maxilla)
6 (left maxilla)
7 (left mandible)
8 (right mandible)

76
Q

Explain the Rule of 4 and 9

A

Tooth 4 is always the canine tooth and tooth 9 is always the first molar

77
Q

Which teeth are cats missing?

A

105, 205, 305, 405, 306, and 406

78
Q

Explain the tooth anatomic identification system

A

Uppercase letters indicate permanent teeth
Lowercase letters indicate deciduous teeth (primary teeth)
Superscript: maxillary teeth
Subscript: mandibular teeth

79
Q
A

VTNE TEST PREP (14 decks)

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