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Blood Banking > terminologies > Flashcards

terminologies Flashcards

1
Q

ABO forward typing does not match the backward typing

A

ABO discrepancies

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2
Q

removal of a specific antibody from a mixture of antibody using cell of known specificity

A

absorption

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3
Q

production of antibody after antigenic exposure

A

active immunization

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4
Q

chem substances added to red cells to extend the shelf life up to 42 days

A

additive

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5
Q

additives can extend shelf life up to

A

42 days

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6
Q

blood bag additives used by Fenwal laboratory

A

adsol

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7
Q

blood bag additives used by Medsep copr

A

nutricel

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8
Q

blood bag additive used by Terumo corp

A

optisol

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9
Q

condition characterized by the absence of antibodies

A

agammaglobulinemia

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10
Q

clumping of particulate antigens with specific antibody

A

agglutination

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11
Q

_________ is the clumping of antigens whose source is from RBCs

A

hemagglutination

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12
Q

alternative form of a gene occupying a given locus

A

allele

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13
Q

albuminous fluid inside a sac that gives nutrients to a fetus

A

amniotic fluid

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14
Q

process of collecting amniotic fluid

A

amniocentesis

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15
Q

“silent gene”

A

amorph

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16
Q

other term for amorph

A

silent gene

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17
Q

this does not produce a detectable antigen

A

amorph

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18
Q

an example of an amorph

A

O gene

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19
Q

a secondary immune response

A

anamnestic response

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20
Q

production ok antibody after secondary exposure to antigens

A

anamnestic response

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21
Q

sever allergic hypersensitivity

A

anaphylaxis

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22
Q

what brings about anaphylaxis

A

antibody against IgA exposed to IgA antibody

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23
Q

refers to occuring efore birth

A

antenatal

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24
Q

also known as immunoglobulin

A

antibody

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25
Q

protein secreted by plasma cells produced for antigenic stimulation response

A

antibody

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26
Q

immune antibody against foreign antigen of the same species

A

alloantibody

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27
Q

antibody against own self antigens

A

autoantibody

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28
Q

unexpected antibody, antibodies aside from the usual A and B

A

atypical antibody

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29
Q

isoantibodies referred to as anti-A and anti-B

A

naturally occuring antibody

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30
Q

antibody derived from a single clone of antigen

A

monoclonal antibody

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31
Q

antibody derived from more than one antibody producing plasma cells

A

polyclonal antibody

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32
Q

reagents used to enhance or speed up antigen-antibody rxn

A

antibody potentiators

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33
Q

used to detect immune antibody other than the naturally occuring

A

antibody screening test

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34
Q

what is used in antibody screening test

A

completely phenotyped group O cells

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35
Q

foreign substance which when introduced to the body stimulates antibody production

A

antigen

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36
Q

relative ability of a substance to illicit immune response

A

antigenic

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37
Q

a table of phenotyped group O cells showing diff antigen used to screen and identify immune antibody

A

antigram

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38
Q

known as Coomb’s serum

A

antihuman globulin reagent (AHG)

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39
Q

other name for antihuman globulin reagent

A

Coomb’s serum

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40
Q

refers to a method that used antibodies directed against human globulins to aid in the detection of RBCs sensitized by IgG aloantibodies, IgG autoantibodies and complements components

A

Coomb’s test

antihuman globulin test (AGT)

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41
Q

used to detect in vivo cell sensitization

A

direct antiglobulin test

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42
Q

used to detect in vitro cell sensitization

A

indirect antiglobulin test

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43
Q

commercially prepared reagent containing antibody with known specificity

A

antiserum

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44
Q

antigens controlled by a pair of allelic genes

A

antithetical

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45
Q

blood collection in which whole blood is withdrawn and processed, only the desired component is taken and the remainder is returned to the donor

A

apheresis

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46
Q

removal of platelets

A

plateletpheresis

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47
Q

removal of leukocytes

A

leukapheresis

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48
Q

removal of plasma

A

plasmapheresis

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49
Q

antibody removal through the use of patient’s own antigen

A

autoabsorption

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50
Q

abbreviated as PS-PR and refers to testing the patient’s serum for antibody against his own red cells

A

autocontrol

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51
Q

PS-PR stands for

A

patient serum-patient RBC

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52
Q

strength of antibody-antigen rxn as influenced by characteristic features of the Ag and Ab

A

avidity

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53
Q

pose threats to the health or living organism

A

biohazard

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54
Q

antibody withr eactivity occuring in two phases

A

biphasic hemolysin

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55
Q

a single or inteconnected bags used for blood donation

A

blood bag

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56
Q

major division in hospital lab that provides safe blood to patients by performing blood screening, grouping and compatibility testing

A

blood bank

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57
Q

diif cellular and liquid components of blood separated by physical means

A

blood components

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58
Q

frozen plasma that contains all clotting factors

A

fresh forzen plasma

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59
Q

to whom are FFP used?

A

clotting factor deficiencies aside from hemophilia A, von Willebrand, hypofibrinogenemia

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60
Q

separated plasma from whole blood

A

packed RBC

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61
Q

hematocrit of packed RBC

A

80%

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62
Q

platelets removed from unreferigerated fresh whole blood

A

platelet concentrate

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63
Q

platelet concentrate containing at least 5.5 x 10^10 platelets obtained manually by centrifugation

A

random platelet concentrate

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64
Q

how is random platelet concentrate obtained

A

centrifugation

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65
Q

platelet concentrate with about 3 x 10^10

A

single platelet concentrate

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66
Q

how is single platelet concentrate obtained

A

apheresis

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67
Q

concentrated coagulated factor VIII and Factor I extracted from fresh frozen plasma

A

cryoprecipitate

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68
Q

factor I is

A

fibrinogen

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69
Q

RBCs treated wtih cryoprotective agent and kept in freezing temp

A

frozen red cell

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70
Q

RBCs treated with a solution (pyruvate, inosine, phosphate, adenine)

A

rejuvenated red cell

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71
Q

the solution used from rejuvenated red cell contains

A

pyruvate
inosine
phosphate
adenine

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72
Q

the solution used from rejuvenated red cell returns _________ to normal

A

ATP

2,3-DPG

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73
Q

application oh physical means to separate different cellular and liquid components of whole blood

A

blood component preparation

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74
Q

manual blood comp. prep that limits use of blood within 24hrs after exposure to atmosphere

A

open system

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75
Q

makes use of the refrigerated centrifuge, limits the use of blood to longer period up to expiration date due to sterile blood bag system

A

closed system

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76
Q

filter device attache to a blood or blood component unit designed to retain unwanted cells, bloo clots, or debris

A

blood filter

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77
Q

soluble antigens present in fluids that can be used to neutralize their corresponding antibodies

A

blood group specific soluble substances (BGSSs)

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78
Q

system of classifying blood based on absence or presence of inherited antigenic substances on RBCs

A

blood group system

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79
Q

how many blood groups are recognized?

A

30

80
Q

the org that recognizes the 30 blood groups

A

International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT)

81
Q

determination of red cell antigen thru antiserum of known specificity

A

forward/direct/cell typing

82
Q

other term for forward typing

A

red cell phenotyping

83
Q

determination of serum or plasma antibodies using cell of known antigenic ptofile

A

backward/indirect/serum typing

84
Q

device for warming blood to body temperature

A

blood warmer

85
Q

failure of an indiv to express inherited A or B genes because of the lack of H gene

A

bombay pheotype

86
Q

an indiv with bombay phenotype has a potent _______ in his serum

A

anti-H

87
Q

main soluble protein in the serum off a cattle that is used as negative control

A

bovine serum albumin (BSA)

88
Q

most preferred method for crossmatching

A

broad spectrum compatibility test

89
Q

3 phases of broad spectrum compatibility test

A

immediate spin
thermophase
AHG phase

90
Q

condition producing two cell populations in an individual

A

chimerism

91
Q

condition characterized by difficulty of the phagocytic cells to generate superoxide radicals nneded in killing ingested pathogens

A

chronic granulomatous disease

92
Q

CGD patients suffer from

A

recurrent suppurative bacterial and fungal infection

93
Q

substances in the plasma involved in clotting

A

coagulation factor

94
Q

factor 2 is

A

prothrombin

95
Q

factor 3 is

A

tissue factor

96
Q

factor 4 is

A

calcium

97
Q

factor 5 is

A

proaccelerin

98
Q

factor 6 is

A

activated factor 5

99
Q

factor 7 is

A

proconverti

100
Q

factor 8 is

A

antihemophilic factor A

101
Q

factor 9 is

A

christmas factor

102
Q

factor 10 is

A

Stuart-Prower factor

103
Q

factor 11 is

A

plasma thromboplastin antecedent

104
Q

factor 12 is

A

Hageman factor

105
Q

sequence of three bases in a DNA strand that provides genetic code for a specific amino acid

A

codon

106
Q

batch of test that includes ABO and Rh grouping, screening of serum and crossmatching

A

compatibility test

107
Q

serologically inactive when mixed

A

compatible

108
Q

a complex of plasma protein

A

complement

109
Q

transfusion of specific components rather than whole blood to treat a patient

A

component therapy

110
Q

antibody-coated cells used to confirm negative results obtained in direct and indirect AHG

A

Coomb’s control/check cells

111
Q

blood containing stem cells which are taken from the umbilical cord after childbirth

A

cord cells

112
Q

a computed value used to evaluate effectiveness of platelet transfusion

A

corrected count increment

113
Q

process of exchange of genetic material between two homologous pairs of chromosomes

A

crossing over

114
Q

testing of patient’s blood against donor’s blood

A

crossmatch

115
Q

crossmatch involving mixing of patient’s serum and donor’s RBCs

A

major cross match (PSDR)

116
Q

crossmatch involving mixing of patient’s RBCs and donor’s serum

A

minor cross match (PRDS)

117
Q

crossmatch mixing the recipient’s serum with donor’s RBCs and centrifuging immediately

A

immediate crossmatch

118
Q

crossmatch with type and screen coupled with immediate spinning

A

abbreviated crossmatch

119
Q

substances that protect against harmful effects of freezing temp

A

cryoprotective agent

120
Q

hidden receptors that may be exposed when normal RBC membranes are altered by bacterial or fungal infection

A

cryptantigen

121
Q

removing glycerol from a unit of RBCs after thawing to return them to normal osmolality

A

deglycerolization

122
Q

frozen red cells whose glycerol has been removed by several washing

A

deglycerolized red cell

123
Q

plasma expander that may be used as a sub for plasma

A

dextran

124
Q

genetic marker present in child but not in mother and alleged father

A

direct exclusion

125
Q

sulfhydryl compound used to break down disulfide bonds of IgM

A

dithiotreitol (DTT)

126
Q

a cryoprotectant used for hematopoietic progenitor cells

A

dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)

127
Q

biphasic IgG specifically directed to anti-P found in patients with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria

A

Donath-Landsteiner antibody

128
Q

giving blood to a recipient

A

donation

129
Q

gives blood in monetary exchange

A

paid blood donor

130
Q

fit to donate anytime in the community

A

walking blood donor

131
Q

a phenomenon whereby an antibody reacts more strongly with a red blood cell showing double dose of antigens that those of single dose

A

dosage

132
Q

coloring substances

A

dye

133
Q

a dye that gives anti-A a blue color

A

blue dye

134
Q

examples of blue dye

A

bromphenol blue
thymol blue
patent blue

135
Q

a dye gives anti-B a yellow color

A

yellow dye

136
Q

examples of yellow dye

A

acriflavin

tartrazine yellow

137
Q

combination of blue and yellow dye that gives AHG a green color

A

green dye

138
Q

product of deliberate manipulation of a red cell suspension to break an immune complex with subsequent release of the antibody into the surrounding medium

A

eluate

139
Q

process whereby cells that are coated with antibody are treated in such a manner as to dirsrupt the bond s between the antigen and antibody

A

elution

140
Q

substance capable of catalyzing a reaction

A

enzyme

141
Q

examples of enzyme

A

bromelin
trypsin
ficin
papain

142
Q

immunologic incompatibility bet. mother and fetus that can produce severe or fatal consequences to the unborn or newborn infant due to the destruction of RBCs

A

erythroblastosis fetalis (HDN)

143
Q

other term for erythroblastosis fetalis

A

Hydrops fetalis

144
Q

refers to the replacement of an infant’s coated RBCs with donor blood until one or two total blood volumes are accomplished

A

exchange transfusion

145
Q

activity where a person islikely to get foreign substances

A

exposure

146
Q

in BB, exposure is mainly through

A

blood transfusion or pregnancy

147
Q

transfusion rxn caused ny leukoagglutinins characterized by fever

A

febrile rxn

148
Q

transplacental passage of fetal blood into the circulation of maternal organism

A

fetomaternal hemorrhage

149
Q

filamentous clot formed by the action of thrombin or fibrinogen

A

fibrin

150
Q

dissolves clot

A

fibrinolysin

151
Q

other term for fibrinolysin

A

plasmin

152
Q

process of clot dissolution

A

fibrinolysis

153
Q

large glycoprotein found on the surface of cells and mediates cellular adhesion

A

fibronectin

154
Q

one of the immunoglobulins, produced during secondary immune response

A

gamma globulin

155
Q

unit of inheritance within a chromosome

A

genec

156
Q

a pair of genes in which neither is dominant over the other, meaning both are expressed

A

codominant

157
Q

a gene that does not appear to produce a detectable antigen

A

amorphic

158
Q

one of two or more different genes that may occupy a specific locus on a chromosome

A

allelic

159
Q

a gene expressed if present

A

dominant

160
Q

a gene not expressed unless in homozygous form

A

recessive

161
Q

a gene that produces a repressor substance that inhibits an operator gene

A

regulatory

162
Q

a gene that suppresses the phenotypic expression of another gene

A

supressor

163
Q

specific place on a chromosome where a gene is located

A

gene locus

164
Q

a gene of one chromosome of a homologous pair affects the action of a related gene on the same chromosome

A

cis-position

165
Q

a gene of one chromosome of a homologous pair affects the action of a related gene on another homolog

A

trans-position

166
Q

genetic constitution; person’s actual genetic makeup

A

genotype

167
Q

genetic state of having 2 similar genes for the same trait

A

homozygous

168
Q

genetic state of having dissimilar genes for the same trait

A

heterozygous

169
Q

an example of cryoprotective agent

A

glycerol

170
Q

process of adding glycerol to a red blood cell unit to prevent hemolysis of RBCs while freezing

A

glycerolization

171
Q

a carbohydrate-attached lipid

A

glycolipid

172
Q

protein that can project through the thickness of the cell membrane of RBCs

A

glycophorin

173
Q

carbo + protein

A

glycoproteins

174
Q

sphingolipid containing galactose or glucose

A

glycosphingolipid

175
Q

enzyme needed to attach a specific sugar molecule to a predetermined acceptor molecule

A

glycosyl transferase

176
Q

intense fatal immunologic reaction of engrafted cells against the host caused by the infusion of immunocompetent lymphocytes into indiv with impaired immunity

A

Graft vs. Host disease (GVHD)

177
Q

decreased leukocytes in the blood

A

granulocytopenia

178
Q

genes that are close on the chromosome and inherited together by an indiv

A

haplotype

179
Q

small substance to stimulate antibody production w/o attaching to a larger molecule

A

hapten

180
Q

plasma protein which binds to hemoglobin following intravascular hemolysis

A

haptoglobin

181
Q

increaase in the volume of blood plasma resulting to reduced conc. of RBCs

A

hemodilution

182
Q

destruction of RBCs with subsequent release of hemoglobin

A

hemolysis

183
Q

hemolysis inside blood vessel

A

intravascular

184
Q

hemolysis outside blood vessel

A

extravascular

185
Q

condition characterized by low RBC count resulting from detruction of circulating RBCs

A

hemolytic anemia

186
Q

hemolytic anemia mediated by humoral antibody

A

immune hemolytic anemia

187
Q

continuous RBC destruction due to antibody woking against own red cells

A

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

188
Q

RBC destruction due to drug induced production of autoantibodies that recognizes blood cell antigen

A

drug induced hemolytic anemia

189
Q

RBC destruction due to the presence of alloantibodies to foreign red cell antigens introduced to the circulation through transfusion or pregnancy

A

alloimmune hemolytic anemia

190
Q

an example of bleeing disorder due to deficiency of a particular coagulation factor

A

hemophilia

191
Q

sex linked recessive trait due to deficiency of factor VIII

A

hemophilia A

192
Q

sex linked disorder is due to the absence of factor IX

A

hemophilia B

193
Q

antibodies characterized as weak and can be diluted to high titer despite the weak rxn strengths

A

high titer low avidity

194
Q

genetically encoded antigen system on RBCs, WBCs, platelets and plasma

A

blood group antigen

195
Q

used for collection of samples for blood banking

A

refrigerated centrifuge

196
Q

alleles on ABO gene locus

A

A gene
B gene
O gene

197
Q

having 2 or more alleles at a locus

A

polymorphic

Blood Banking (7 decks)

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