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Blood Banking > History > Flashcards

History Flashcards

0
Q

Drinking blood as?

A

A tonic for rejuvination

Treatment of diseases

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1
Q

Vital force; essence of life

A

Blood

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2
Q

“Blood contains the soul”

A

Huang Di Nei Ching

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3
Q

Use of blood for Romans

A

Drink blood of fallen gladiators in the belief that the blood could transmit vitality

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4
Q

Use of blood for Egyptians

A
  1. Treat baldness and elephantiasis
  2. Revive the dead
  3. For physical and spiritual restoration
  4. Rejuvinate the old and the incapacitated
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5
Q

Blood letting originated from?

A

Egypt

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6
Q

Postulates that the body is compromised of four humors

A

Hippocrates (400 BC)

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7
Q

Four humors

A

Blood
Phlegm
Yellow bile
Black bile

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8
Q

Imbalance of four humors causes

A

Disease

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9
Q

Believes that the heart is the central organ of the body

A

Aristotle (350 BC)

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10
Q

Describe the anatomy of the human body and includes a reference to ‘bright’ and ‘dark’ blood from separate channels in the body which interconnect

A

Claudius Galenus (162 AD)

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11
Q

Mentions the ‘liver as the origin’ of blood and the ‘kidneys as filters’

A

Claudius Galenus

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12
Q

The first transfusion was recorded in what year

A

1492

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13
Q

First unluck recipient of blood transfusion

A

Pope Innocent VIII

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14
Q

How many young boys donated for Pope Innocent VIII?

A

3

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15
Q

Described his technique of blood transfusion in 1615

A

Andreas Libavius

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16
Q

Discovered the circulatory system of the blood in 1616

A

William Harvey

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17
Q

Published ‘An Anatomical Exercise on the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals’

A

William Harvey

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18
Q

“De Motu Cordis”

A

William Harvey

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19
Q

Animal to animal transfusion (successful dog to dog transfusion)

A

Richard Lower

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20
Q

Animal to human transfusion (sheep to human) in 1667

A

Jean Baptiste-Denis

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21
Q

Jean Baptiste-Denis’s patient whom he used calf’s blood for transfusion

A

Antoine Mauroy

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22
Q

Performed the first successful human to human transfusion for the treatment of pastpartum hemorrhage (1818)

A

James Blundell

23
Q

Was the most popular form of treatment of a vast number of ailments during 18th century

A

Blood letting

25
Q

Blood Letting instruments

A
  • bleeding bowl
  • scarificator
  • Weiss’s improved cupping device
  • Glass cupping cups
  • Leech jars
  • Fox’s glass leech
26
Q

A blood letting instrument used to measure the amount of blood

A

Bleeding bowl

27
Q

Bleeding bowl is made in 1740 by whom

A

John Foster

28
Q

A blood letting instrument used to obtain sufficient blood, 20-40 gashes were made in the legs of the patient and was made to stand in a basin of warm water

A

Scarificator

29
Q

Recommended Na3PO4 as anticoagulant (1869)

A

Braxton Hicks

30
Q

Reported the use of sodium citrate (1914); citrated blood

A

Albert Hustin

31
Q

Determined the minimum amount of citrate needed for anticoagulant and demonstrated its non-toxicity in small amounts (1915)

A

Richard Lewisohn

32
Q

Use of dextrose as blood preservative upto 2 weeks (1916)

A

Thomas Rous and Catherine Turner

33
Q

Use of Acid citrate dextrose as blood preservative for 3 weeks (1943)

A

John Freedman Loutit

34
Q

Showed that glycerol extend the life span of red cells up to 10 years (1950)

35
Q

Inteoduced citrate phosphate dextrose (CPD) as standard preservative for blood storage (1957)

36
Q

First to successfully carry out vein to vein transfusion of blood by using multiple syringes and a special cannula for puncturing the vein through the skin

A

Edward Lindemann

37
Q

Designed a syringe-valve apparatus transfusion of blood from donor to patient possible without the assistance of a physician

38
Q

Bled the body as self-punishment

A

North American Indians

39
Q

Believed that soul is in the blood

40
Q

Life of flesh is in the blood

A

Leviticus (bible)

41
Q

German scientist who discovered the ABO blood group system (1901)

A

Karl Landsteiner

42
Q

Discovered the AB blood type

A

Alfred von Decastello and Adriano Sturli

43
Q

Discovered the Rh blood group system in 1902

A

Alex Welker and Karl Landsteiner

44
Q

Advocating selecting donors by blood group and crossmatching

A

Ludvig Hektoen

45
Q

Appointed by the American Red Cross Blood Bank as first director in February 1941

A

Dr. Charles Drew

46
Q

Incompatibility of species

A

Emil Ponfick and Leonard Landois

47
Q

Same species

A

John Henry Leacock

48
Q

Loss of ability to speak cause by being mad

A

Apoplectic stroke

49
Q

Major crossmatch
Minor crossmatch
Compatibility
1913

A

Reuben Ottenberg

50
Q

Major crossmatch

A

Patient’s serum - Donor’s red cell

51
Q

Minor crossmatch

A

Donor’s serum - patient’s red cell

52
Q

Inheritance of blood group

A

Felix Bernstein

53
Q

Rhesus blood type (1939)

A

Philip Levine

54
Q

RhIg prevention for Rh(-)

Rhogam

A

Ronald Fisher

55
Q

Coomb’s test; AGT (1945)

A

Robin Coombs, Arthur Mourant, Rob Race

56
Q

Two silver cannulas

A

James Aveling

57
Q

Blood depots

A

Ostwald Robertson

Blood Banking (7 decks)

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