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Rh system (FSKP) Flashcards

0
Q

Second most important blood group after the ABO

A

Rh

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1
Q

ISBT

A

International Society of Blood Transfusion

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2
Q

The group of red cell antigens with the greatest clinical significance or importance because of its role in hemolytic disease of the newborn and transfusion

A

Rh system

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3
Q

Rh is discovered by doing..

A

Blood transfusion

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4
Q

First human example of antibody directed at the D-antigen in a serum of a woman who’s fetus has hemolytic dx of the newborn was reported by

A

Levine and Stetson

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5
Q

IDENTIFIED the Rh blood group

A

Karl Landsteiner and Weiner

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6
Q

The red blood cells injected to the guinea pigs/rabbit came from

A

Rhesus monkey

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7
Q

Result of the rhesus monkey rbcs injected to the guinea pig/rabbit

A
  • 85% of human RBCs were agglutinated -> Rh positive

- 15% were not agglutinated -> Rh negative

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8
Q

Two local celebrities who are Rh negative

A

Rosana Roces

Jenny de Belen

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9
Q

Human-produced antibody

A

Anti-Rh

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10
Q

Reported anti-Rh in serum of patient who received blood from Rh positive

A

Weiner and Peter

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11
Q

He also demonstrated Rh negative

A

Levine

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12
Q

Anti-rhesus or Anti-Rh produced by animals

A

Anti-LW

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13
Q

5 antigens or factors comprising the Rh

A
  1. Rh
  2. C
  3. E
  4. c
  5. e
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14
Q

Antigen that is highly immunogenic

A

Rh

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15
Q

The least immunogenic antigen

A

e

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16
Q

Non-glycosylated protein; found on red blood cell membrane

A

Rh-antigen

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17
Q

ABO is found on chromosome no.?

A

Chromosome no. 9

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18
Q

Rh is found on chromosome?

A

Chromosome no. 1

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19
Q

Low molecular weight compound - about 174,000

A

Rh-ag

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20
Q

4 nomenclatures

A
  1. Fisher-Race: DCE terminology
  2. Wiener: Rh-Hr terminology
  3. Rosenfield and coworkers: alphanumeric terminology
  4. International Society of Blood Transfusion Committee (ISBT): updated numeric terminology
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21
Q

There are 3 closely linked gene that can be inherited from both parents

A

Fisher-Race

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22
Q

Fisher-Race antigens

A 
D
C
E
c
e
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23
Q

One gene at a single locus of each chromosome controls the entire Rh system
(Rh gene produced at least 3 blood factors)

A

Wiener

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24
Wiener antigens
1. Rho 2. rh' 3. rh'' 4. hr' 5. hr''
25
Aims to bridge the confusion between Wiener and Fisher-Race
Rosenfield nomenclature
26
Assigned numbers to the antigens in a chronological order of discovery
Rosenfield nomenclature
27
Rosenfield antigen is indicated by a plus sign if?
Positive
28
Rosenfield is indicated by a minus sign if?
Negative
29
Rosenfield antigens
1. Rh:1 2. Rh:2 3. Rh:3 4. Rh:4 5. Rh:5
30
Assigned six digit numbers to the antigens
International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT)
31
First three digits of ISBT antigen refers to the
System
32
Last three digits of the ISBT antigen refers to the
Specific antigen/ antigen
33
ISBT antigens
1. 004 001 2. 004 002 3. 004 003 4. 004 004 5. 004 005
34
Most popular nomenclature
Wiener
35
Second most popular nomenclature
Fisher-Race
36
Fisher-Race gene complex
``` Rh-positive 1. Dce 2. DCe 3. DcE 4. DCE Rh-negative 5. dce 6. dCe 7. dcE 8. dCE ```
37
Antigens of Fisher-Race gene complex
``` Rh-positive = Antigen 1. Dce = D, c, e 2. DCe = D, C, e 3. DcE = D, c, E 4. DCE = D, C, E Rh-negative 5. dce = c, e 6. dCe = C, e 7. dcE = c, E 8. dCE = C, E ```
38
Weiner short hand designation
1. Ro 2. R1 3. R2 4. Rz 5. r 6. r' 7. r'' 8. r^y (superscript)
39
Genes of wiener short hand designation
Short hand designation (subscript) = gene (superscript) 1. Ro = Rh^o 2. R1 = Rh^1 3. R2 = Rh^2 4. Rz = Rh^z 5. r = rh 6. r' = rh' 7. r'' = rh'' 8. r^y = rh^y
40
Several variants of Rh antigens
1. C^u 2. C^x 3. C^w 4. E (not sure) 5. D^u
41
Rarely found in caucasians
D^u
42
3 mechanisms responsible for weakened expression
1. C trans 2. Partial/mosaic 3. Genetic weak D
43
Described as a position effect of C in relation to D-ag of RBC
C trans
44
Made up of four fragments or epitope
D-ag mosaic structure
45
With missing antigen
D^u variant
46
If antigen is complete but few in number
Weak D
47
Grades of D^u
- low grade D^u | - high grade D^u
48
Majority of antibodies are
IgG
49
Subclasses of IgG
IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4
50
Clinically significant IgG; not natural antibodies
IgG1 and IgG3
51
Most commonly found antibodies in immunized patients
Anti-D | Anti-G
52
2 closely linked gene that controls the expression of Rh proteins
- RHD | - RHCE
53
Responsible for the presence or absence of D antigen
RHD
54
Responsible for the expression of C, c, E, e antigens
RHCE
55
RhAG
Rh Associated Glycoprotein
56
RhAG is termed as
Co-expressor
57
When mutations in RhAG gene occur, it can result in
Missing or significantly altered RHD and RHCE proteins
58
Rh deficiencies
- Rh deletion - Rh null - Rh mod
59
Represented by dash; C and E are missing (D--/D--)
Rh deletion
60
Individuals who lack all Rh antigens on their RBCs
Rh null
61
Two different genetic mechanisms of Rh null syndrome
1. Regulator type | 2. Amorphic type
62
Mutation occurs in the RHAG gene
Regulator-type Rh null syndrome
63
Mutation in each of the RHCE genes inherited from each parent and the common deletion of the RHD gene found in most D-negative individuals
Amorphic-type Rh null syndrome
64
Have partial suppression of RH gene expression caused by mutations in the RHAG gene
Rh mod
65
Varieties of Rh antibodies
1. First order Rh antibodies 2. Second order Rh antibodies 3. Typical Rh antibodies
66
Saline agglutinins; bivalent antibodies; complete antibodies | Antibody reacts strongly with saline, less strongly in a protein
First order Rh antibodies
67
Antiglobulin antibodies | Antibodies will react with specific antigen
Typical Rh antibody
68
Reacts strongly with most Rh-positive RBCs | Less raction in Rh-negative
Anti-LW

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