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Blood Banking > Rh system (FSKP) > Flashcards

Rh system (FSKP) Flashcards

0
Q

Second most important blood group after the ABO

A

Rh

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1
Q

ISBT

A

International Society of Blood Transfusion

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2
Q

The group of red cell antigens with the greatest clinical significance or importance because of its role in hemolytic disease of the newborn and transfusion

A

Rh system

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3
Q

Rh is discovered by doing..

A

Blood transfusion

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4
Q

First human example of antibody directed at the D-antigen in a serum of a woman who’s fetus has hemolytic dx of the newborn was reported by

A

Levine and Stetson

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5
Q

IDENTIFIED the Rh blood group

A

Karl Landsteiner and Weiner

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6
Q

The red blood cells injected to the guinea pigs/rabbit came from

A

Rhesus monkey

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7
Q

Result of the rhesus monkey rbcs injected to the guinea pig/rabbit

A
  • 85% of human RBCs were agglutinated -> Rh positive

- 15% were not agglutinated -> Rh negative

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8
Q

Two local celebrities who are Rh negative

A

Rosana Roces

Jenny de Belen

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9
Q

Human-produced antibody

A

Anti-Rh

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10
Q

Reported anti-Rh in serum of patient who received blood from Rh positive

A

Weiner and Peter

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11
Q

He also demonstrated Rh negative

A

Levine

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12
Q

Anti-rhesus or Anti-Rh produced by animals

A

Anti-LW

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13
Q

5 antigens or factors comprising the Rh

A
  1. Rh
  2. C
  3. E
  4. c
  5. e
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14
Q

Antigen that is highly immunogenic

A

Rh

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15
Q

The least immunogenic antigen

A

e

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16
Q

Non-glycosylated protein; found on red blood cell membrane

A

Rh-antigen

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17
Q

ABO is found on chromosome no.?

A

Chromosome no. 9

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18
Q

Rh is found on chromosome?

A

Chromosome no. 1

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19
Q

Low molecular weight compound - about 174,000

A

Rh-ag

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20
Q

4 nomenclatures

A
  1. Fisher-Race: DCE terminology
  2. Wiener: Rh-Hr terminology
  3. Rosenfield and coworkers: alphanumeric terminology
  4. International Society of Blood Transfusion Committee (ISBT): updated numeric terminology
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21
Q

There are 3 closely linked gene that can be inherited from both parents

A

Fisher-Race

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22
Q

Fisher-Race antigens

A 
D
C
E
c
e
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23
Q

One gene at a single locus of each chromosome controls the entire Rh system
(Rh gene produced at least 3 blood factors)

A

Wiener

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24
Q

Wiener antigens

A
  1. Rho
  2. rh’
  3. rh’’
  4. hr’
  5. hr’’
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25
Q

Aims to bridge the confusion between Wiener and Fisher-Race

A

Rosenfield nomenclature

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26
Q

Assigned numbers to the antigens in a chronological order of discovery

A

Rosenfield nomenclature

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27
Q

Rosenfield antigen is indicated by a plus sign if?

28
Q

Rosenfield is indicated by a minus sign if?

29
Q

Rosenfield antigens

A
  1. Rh:1
  2. Rh:2
  3. Rh:3
  4. Rh:4
  5. Rh:5
30
Q

Assigned six digit numbers to the antigens

A

International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT)

31
Q

First three digits of ISBT antigen refers to the

32
Q

Last three digits of the ISBT antigen refers to the

A

Specific antigen/ antigen

33
Q

ISBT antigens

A
  1. 004 001
  2. 004 002
  3. 004 003
  4. 004 004
  5. 004 005
34
Q

Most popular nomenclature

35
Q

Second most popular nomenclature

A

Fisher-Race

36
Q

Fisher-Race gene complex

A 
Rh-positive
1. Dce
2. DCe
3. DcE
4. DCE
Rh-negative
5. dce
6. dCe
7. dcE
8. dCE
37
Q

Antigens of Fisher-Race gene complex

A 
Rh-positive = Antigen
1. Dce = D, c, e
2. DCe = D, C, e
3. DcE = D, c, E
4. DCE = D, C, E
Rh-negative
5. dce = c, e
6. dCe = C, e
7. dcE = c, E
8. dCE = C, E
38
Q

Weiner short hand designation

A
  1. Ro
  2. R1
  3. R2
  4. Rz
  5. r
  6. r’
  7. r’’
  8. r^y (superscript)
39
Q

Genes of wiener short hand designation

A

Short hand designation (subscript) = gene (superscript)

  1. Ro = Rh^o
  2. R1 = Rh^1
  3. R2 = Rh^2
  4. Rz = Rh^z
  5. r = rh
  6. r’ = rh’
  7. r’’ = rh’’
  8. r^y = rh^y
40
Q

Several variants of Rh antigens

A
  1. C^u
  2. C^x
  3. C^w
  4. E (not sure)
  5. D^u
41
Q

Rarely found in caucasians

42
Q

3 mechanisms responsible for weakened expression

A
  1. C trans
  2. Partial/mosaic
  3. Genetic weak D
43
Q

Described as a position effect of C in relation to D-ag of RBC

44
Q

Made up of four fragments or epitope

A

D-ag mosaic structure

45
Q

With missing antigen

A

D^u variant

46
Q

If antigen is complete but few in number

47
Q

Grades of D^u

A
  • low grade D^u

- high grade D^u

48
Q

Majority of antibodies are

49
Q

Subclasses of IgG

A

IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4

50
Q

Clinically significant IgG; not natural antibodies

A

IgG1 and IgG3

51
Q

Most commonly found antibodies in immunized patients

A

Anti-D

Anti-G

52
Q

2 closely linked gene that controls the expression of Rh proteins

A
  • RHD

- RHCE

53
Q

Responsible for the presence or absence of D antigen

54
Q

Responsible for the expression of C, c, E, e antigens

55
Q

RhAG

A

Rh Associated Glycoprotein

56
Q

RhAG is termed as

A

Co-expressor

57
Q

When mutations in RhAG gene occur, it can result in

A

Missing or significantly altered RHD and RHCE proteins

58
Q

Rh deficiencies

A
  • Rh deletion
  • Rh null
  • Rh mod
59
Q

Represented by dash; C and E are missing (D–/D–)

A

Rh deletion

60
Q

Individuals who lack all Rh antigens on their RBCs

61
Q

Two different genetic mechanisms of Rh null syndrome

A
  1. Regulator type

2. Amorphic type

62
Q

Mutation occurs in the RHAG gene

A

Regulator-type Rh null syndrome

63
Q

Mutation in each of the RHCE genes inherited from each parent and the common deletion of the RHD gene found in most D-negative individuals

A

Amorphic-type Rh null syndrome

64
Q

Have partial suppression of RH gene expression caused by mutations in the RHAG gene

65
Q

Varieties of Rh antibodies

A
  1. First order Rh antibodies
  2. Second order Rh antibodies
  3. Typical Rh antibodies
66
Q

Saline agglutinins; bivalent antibodies; complete antibodies

Antibody reacts strongly with saline, less strongly in a protein

A

First order Rh antibodies

67
Q

Antiglobulin antibodies

Antibodies will react with specific antigen

A

Typical Rh antibody

68
Q

Reacts strongly with most Rh-positive RBCs

Less raction in Rh-negative

Blood Banking (7 decks)

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