Term 4 Flashcards
continental shelf
the area of seabed around a large land mass where the sea is relatively shallow compared to the open ocean
continental slope
a slope between the continental shelf and ocean floor
Abyssal plain
underwater plain on the deep ocean floor
Seamount
Underwater mountain formed by volcanic activity
Guyot
isolated underwater volcanic mountain with a flat top
Ocean ridge
a seafloor mountain system formed by tectonic plates
rift valley
a steep sided valley formed by the downward displacement of a block of the earth’s surface between fault systems
trench
a long narrow depression in the coean bed, typically running in parallel to plate boundaries and making a subduction zone
ocean current
a continuous directed movement of sea water generated by number of forces acting upon the water
El nino effects on AUS
reduced rainfall, warmer temperatures, drier climatic conditions, increase frost risk, later monsoon onset, increased fire susceptability in south est Australia, decrease snow coverage
Effects of La Nina on AUS
increased rainfall, cooler temperatures, humidity, increased tropical cyclones, ealier monsoon outset, deeper snow cover
EEZ
Exclusive economic zone is a sea zone prescribed by the UN which a state has special rights regarding the exloitation and use of marine reosurces.
mineral
a solid, naturally occurring inorganic substance
OIl and gas
viscous liquid derived from eptroleum, gas is a compressed gas that consists of flammable hydrocarbons
develeopment
improvement in a countrys economic and social conditions
characteristics of developing nation
low gnp, low energy consumption, percentage of secondary students, lower access to food, clean water, sanitation, health services, education, employment
factors that affect rates of development
internal:
availability of natural resources, population shifts, political forces, biophysical factors
External:
international trade (TNCs), technological change, foreign aid, cultural contact (tourism)
factors that affect development
physical: climate, natural resources, location, natural hazards
political factors: trade, corruption/poor management, war
Social:
discrimination, population
Aus life expectancy
83
Malawi life expectancy
72.4
Aus GDP per capita
48,700
Malawi GDP per capita
1,500
Infant mortality AUS
3 deaths
Malawi infant mortality
33.4 deaths
AUS populstion under poverty line
13.6%
Malawi population below poverty line
51.5%
refugee
someibe who has been forced to flee their country because of persecution, war or violence.
how many people dont have basic needs
1 billion
how many in developing nations
4.4 bilion
how many dont have access to clean water
one third
how many dont have access to medical facilities
20%
how many refugees
26 million
stateless people
non a citizen of any country
stateless people occur due to
gaps in the system, discrimination, ineffective brith regristration, faulue to grant citisenship when one country succeeds from another or becomes independant, lack of documentation
How much of the worlds refugees are children
half
