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Biology 70% > Term 1 - walkins > Flashcards

Term 1 - walkins Flashcards

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1
Q

Size of Resting membrane potential is governed by __(how many) factors:________

A
  • The permeability of the neuronal membrane

- Unequal distribution of different ions

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2
Q

There is more K+ ion in ICF than ECF T/F

A

true

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3
Q

Thee is more Na+in ICF than ECF T/F

A

False

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4
Q

The electrogenic pump operate as every ___ _______ ion ____, every ___ _______ions ____

A

every 3 Na+ out, every 2 K+ in

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5
Q

3 factors that cause the unequal distribution of ions when neuronal membrane at rest

A
  • some - ve charged proteins (Pr-) are trapped in cell because of their large size
  • Operation of ATPase ( the electrongenic pump)
  • Presence of special ion channels in membrane
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6
Q

Two types of ion channels

A
  • Passive channels, which ions can go through continuously

- Active Channels that are gated

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7
Q

types of active ion channels

A
  • membrane potential (Voltage regulated gates )

- Neurotransmitter (Chemical regulated gate)

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8
Q

When neuronal membrane at rest, it is impermeable to ____ ion, but permeable to ____ion

A

impermeable to Na+ but permeable to K+

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9
Q

K+ ions can’t diffuse out of neuronal membrane T/ F?

A

False

they can diffuse out until the equilibrium of K+ is reached

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10
Q

What is depolarisation ?

A
  • 70mV changes to +40mV
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11
Q

What is Hyperpolarisation?

A
  • 70mV changes to -90mV
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12
Q

what is Em

A

Membrane potential

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13
Q

What is repolarisation?

A

when membrane potential go backs to -70mV

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14
Q

Function of different components of a neuron

A

Dendrites- reception of income information
Soma- Cell body, contain nucleus & most organelles)
Nucleus
Axon- Transmit the electrical impulse (action potential)
Axon hillock- where axon originates & action potential initated
Axon terminals - Release neurotransmitter
Schwann cell
Node of Ranvier

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15
Q

Types of ions channel in neuron

A

~ Ligand - gated channel - response to ligand binding
~ Voltage- gated channel - response to change in membrane potential
~ passive Channel

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16
Q

Cells of Nervous system

A
  • Neurons - excitable cell

- Glial cells - support cells

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17
Q

Passive channels can be found______

A

throughout the neuron; at resting Em

18
Q

Ligand- gated channels can be found __________

A

Dendrites & cell body; for synaptic potential

19
Q

Voltage gated channels can be found _________

A
  • Na+ & K+ channel: throughout, but more in axon (especially in axon hillock); for action potential
  • Ca- channels: Axon terminals; Release of neurotransmitter
20
Q

Local potential is the results of _______ ___________ stimulation of neuron

A

sub- threshold stimulation

21
Q

Local potential takes places because _______

A

the stimulus is not strong enough to generate the action potential

22
Q

Size of local potential is depends on ________

A

the strength of the stimulus

23
Q

local potential is also called ?

A

graded potential

24
Q

local potential travel short distant and they can summate T/F

A

True

25
Q

Local potential is important for ____________

A

synaptic transmission & forms basis of generator potential (sensory potential)

26
Q

Threshold potential is ____mV

A

-55mV

27
Q

local potential at synapses, can either________(___polarisation) or ____________ (___polarisation)

A

excitatory (depolarisation) or inhibitory (hyperpolarisation)

28
Q

Excitatory local potentials are caused by _________

A

small number of membrane Na+ ions channel opened

29
Q

Inhibitory local potential caused by _________

A

small number of K+ / Cl- membrane ion channel opened

30
Q

Neuronal membrane is polarized > ______ +ve; ________ -ve

A

outside +ve; inside -ve

31
Q

Glycoprotein is important for __________

A

self recognition of cell

32
Q

Name the steps of mitosis

A

interphase > prophase > prometaphase> metaphase > anaphase > Telophase > Cytokinese

33
Q

Describe prophase

A
  • DNA has been condense into chromosome.
  • Nuclear envelop breaks down
  • Centrioles moving to opposite pole
34
Q

Describe interphase

A

G0 – Carry out physiological function > G1 – Growth, major part of cell life span > S – DNA replication, cell then contain 2 identical DNA copies > G2 – Growth, DNA condense into compact bodies

35
Q

What is tetrad

A

a group of four closely associated chromoatid of homologous pair formed by synapsis
only happen in Meiosis I

36
Q

Describe Metaphase

A

Chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate with mitotic spindle fibre attached to their centromere

37
Q

Describe Anaphase

A
  • Spindle fibre shorten and chromosomes been pulled apart towards the opposite poles. the sister chromoatids been seperated
38
Q

Describe Telophase

A
  • Nucleus envelop reformed
  • mitotic spindle fibre breaks down
  • Chromosomes start to uncoil
  • cytoplasm dividing.
39
Q

Describe Cytokinesis

A

Cytoplasm becomes separated and two daughter cells are formed

40
Q

How many chromosome there should be?

A

46 Chromosome (23 pairs)

41
Q

What is synapsis?

A
  • Homologous chromosomes lined side by side and forms tetrad
  • Happen in meiosis prophase I
  • Allow cross-over at the chiasma happen

Biology 70% (9 decks)

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