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Biology 70% > Muscle > Flashcards

Muscle Flashcards

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1
Q

Define muscle

A

a multicellular unit

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2
Q

Types of Muscle

A

Skeletal Muscle (Voluntary) - Produce movement

Smooth Muscle (Involuntary) - Found in walls of GI tract, uterus, bladder, arteries and veins, various duct

Cardiac Muscle (Heart)

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3
Q

Describe how does muscle enable movement

A
  • Skeletal muscle is attached to bones by tendon

- Movement is produced when muscle contracted and hence bending the skeleton at joints

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4
Q

The connecting tendon closest to the head/ body is called ___________. It is also _________. The other end called__________

A

Proximal attachment
The origin of the muscle
Distal attachment (Insertion)

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5
Q

What is the origin of the muscle called?

A

Proximal attachment

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6
Q

What is insertion / distal attachment?

A

The tendon at the end of the muscle

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7
Q

What is the end of muscle called?

A

Distal attachment / insertion

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8
Q

Describe the tendon structure

A
  • 2 regions of skeletal muscle inserting to tendon

- Have poor blood supply

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9
Q

Tendons attach to bone by ______

A

The fibres either intermingling with the fibres of Periosteum or inserting directly into the bone

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10
Q

Different skeletal muscle function groups

A

Flexors / Extensor
Adductor / Abductor
Elevator / Depressor
Rotator

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11
Q

For leg, what is the flexors / extensors?

For arm, ======

A

Leg flexors hamstring / extensors quadriceps

Arm flexors biceps / extensors triceps

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12
Q

What is the muscle cells called?

A

Muscle fibre

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13
Q

A bundle of muscle fibre called?

A

Fasciculi

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14
Q

What is the connective tissue coated muscle fibre?

A

Endomysium

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15
Q

What is the connective tissue that coat the fasciculi?

A

Perimysium

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16
Q

What is the connective tissue that coated the whole muscle? And function?

A

Epimysium, protect muscle from friction against bone and other muscle

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17
Q

Large tissue group has a connective tissue covering membrane?

A

Collagen - fibrous protein

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18
Q

Muscle needs a good supply of ______

A

Blood & nerves, for O2 and sending signal for movement

19
Q

The flattened end of a motor neuron that transmits signals to a muscle called________

A

motor end- plate

20
Q

Skeletal muscle is made up of numerous of ________ cell called________

A

precursor , myoblasts

21
Q

Each muscle fibre is long, straight, un-branched cell with several __________

A

flattened nuclei

22
Q

The nuclei of the muscle cells called _______

A

Sacrolemma

23
Q

What is myofibril?

A
  • A bundle of protein fibres found in the muscle cells

- Bundles of filament that run the length of the cell and are attached to the cell membrane at the end

24
Q

What is sacromere?

A

A muscle contractile unit

25
Q

When muscle contracts, several sacromere ________ & ________

A

shorten & overlap

26
Q

Describe A band

A

In the centre of sacromere, contain mainly thick filament and some overlap with thin filament

27
Q

Describe I band

A

Either side of A band, contain thick filament and contain Z disks

28
Q

Describe Z disks

A

At the either end, and down the middle of I band, delineate (define) the sacromere

29
Q

Describe Bare (H) Zone

A

In the centre of A band, contains only thick filaments and no overlap with thin filament

30
Q

Describe M line

A

In the centre of bare (H) zone, links the centre parts of thick filament together

31
Q

What is use as an anchor for thick filament ? Anchors to which zone?

A

Titin, anchors to Z disks

32
Q

Thick filaments contain _______

A

myosin

33
Q

Thick filament length always _____________, but the degree of ________ changed by cells _______ to contract

A

always stay the same , overlap , sliding

34
Q

Thin filament contain_________

A

tropomysin, troponin, actin

35
Q

myofibrils anchor to cell membrane by ___________

A

some other protein

36
Q

thin filament anchors to _______ by _______

A

Z disks by some other protein

37
Q

Where is myosin found?

A

thick filament

38
Q

myosin has __ __________ chains

A

6 polypeptide: 1 pair of heavy chains with mainly a helix structure; 2 pairs of light chain with globular structure

39
Q

Function of myosin

A

bind to the sites along the actin proteins of thin filament

40
Q

what is actin?

A

A globular protein with binding sites for myosin . It’s polymerised into a 2 strand a helix

41
Q

what is tropomysin?

A

a filamentous protein that runs along the

groove of the actin helix, blocking the myosin binding sites

42
Q

what is troponin?

A

A complex 3 globular protein (I/C/T) which regulate the blocking action of tropomyosin

43
Q

What is myoglobin?

A

A red pigment that act as the intracellular oxygen storage molecule

Biology 70% (9 decks)

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