Muscle

Question 1

Define muscle

Answer 1

a multicellular unit

Question 2

Types of Muscle

Answer 2

Skeletal Muscle (Voluntary) - Produce movement

Smooth Muscle (Involuntary) - Found in walls of GI tract, uterus, bladder, arteries and veins, various duct

Cardiac Muscle (Heart)

Question 3

Describe how does muscle enable movement

Answer 3

• Skeletal muscle is attached to bones by tendon

- Movement is produced when muscle contracted and hence bending the skeleton at joints

Question 4

The connecting tendon closest to the head/ body is called ___________. It is also _________. The other end called__________

Answer 4

Proximal attachment
The origin of the muscle
Distal attachment (Insertion)

Question 5

What is the origin of the muscle called?

Answer 5

Proximal attachment

Question 6

What is insertion / distal attachment?

Answer 6

The tendon at the end of the muscle

Question 7

What is the end of muscle called?

Answer 7

Distal attachment / insertion

Question 8

Describe the tendon structure

Answer 8

• 2 regions of skeletal muscle inserting to tendon

- Have poor blood supply

Question 9

Tendons attach to bone by ______

Answer 9

The fibres either intermingling with the fibres of Periosteum or inserting directly into the bone

Question 10

Different skeletal muscle function groups

Answer 10

Flexors / Extensor
Adductor / Abductor
Elevator / Depressor
Rotator

Question 11

For leg, what is the flexors / extensors?

For arm, ======

Answer 11

Leg flexors hamstring / extensors quadriceps

Arm flexors biceps / extensors triceps

Question 12

What is the muscle cells called?

Answer 12

Muscle fibre

Question 13

A bundle of muscle fibre called?

Answer 13

Fasciculi

Question 14

What is the connective tissue coated muscle fibre?

Answer 14

Endomysium

Question 15

What is the connective tissue that coat the fasciculi?

Answer 15

Perimysium

Question 16

What is the connective tissue that coated the whole muscle? And function?

Answer 16

Epimysium, protect muscle from friction against bone and other muscle

Question 17

Large tissue group has a connective tissue covering membrane?

Answer 17

Collagen - fibrous protein

Question 18

Muscle needs a good supply of ______

Answer 18

Blood & nerves, for O2 and sending signal for movement

Question 19

The flattened end of a motor neuron that transmits signals to a muscle called________

Answer 19

motor end- plate

Question 20

Skeletal muscle is made up of numerous of ________ cell called________

Answer 20

precursor , myoblasts

Question 21

Each muscle fibre is long, straight, un-branched cell with several __________

Answer 21

flattened nuclei

Question 22

The nuclei of the muscle cells called _______

Answer 22

Sacrolemma

Question 23

What is myofibril?

Answer 23

• A bundle of protein fibres found in the muscle cells

- Bundles of filament that run the length of the cell and are attached to the cell membrane at the end

Question 24

What is sacromere?

Answer 24

A muscle contractile unit

Question 25

When muscle contracts, several sacromere ________ & ________

Answer 25

shorten & overlap

Question 26

Describe A band

Answer 26

In the centre of sacromere, contain mainly thick filament and some overlap with thin filament

Question 27

Describe I band

Answer 27

Either side of A band, contain thick filament and contain Z disks

Question 28

Describe Z disks

Answer 28

At the either end, and down the middle of I band, delineate (define) the sacromere

Question 29

Describe Bare (H) Zone

Answer 29

In the centre of A band, contains only thick filaments and no overlap with thin filament

Question 30

Describe M line

Answer 30

In the centre of bare (H) zone, links the centre parts of thick filament together

Question 31

What is use as an anchor for thick filament ? Anchors to which zone?

Answer 31

Titin, anchors to Z disks

Question 32

Thick filaments contain _______

Answer 32

myosin

Question 33

Thick filament length always _____________, but the degree of ________ changed by cells _______ to contract

Answer 33

always stay the same , overlap , sliding

Question 34

Thin filament contain_________

Answer 34

tropomysin, troponin, actin

Question 35

myofibrils anchor to cell membrane by ___________

Answer 35

some other protein

Question 36

thin filament anchors to _______ by _______

Answer 36

Z disks by some other protein

Question 37

Where is myosin found?

Answer 37

thick filament

Question 38

myosin has __ __________ chains

Answer 38

6 polypeptide: 1 pair of heavy chains with mainly a helix structure; 2 pairs of light chain with globular structure

Question 39

Function of myosin

Answer 39

bind to the sites along the actin proteins of thin filament

Question 40

what is actin?

Answer 40

A globular protein with binding sites for myosin . It's polymerised into a 2 strand a helix

Question 41

what is tropomysin?

Answer 41

a filamentous protein that runs along the | groove of the actin helix, blocking the myosin binding sites

Question 42

what is troponin?

Answer 42

A complex 3 globular protein (I/C/T) which regulate the blocking action of tropomyosin

Question 43

What is myoglobin?

Answer 43

A red pigment that act as the intracellular oxygen storage molecule