Joints

Question 1

Name the different types of joints

Describe in details

Answer 1

Fibrous joints

• Fixed joints
• No movement
• e.g. sutures in the skull > for protection

Cartilaginous joints

• Allow some movements
• Can found between Ribs attach to Sternum ( for respiration) / between vertebrae
• No blood supply, can’t regenrate

Synovial joints

• The most moveble joints
• Contain a liquid filled cavity (lubrication)
• Surrounded by ligament that hold bones together and form a capsule to stablise
• Contain nerve to measure stretch
• 6 different types

Question 2

Name the different types of synovial joints

Answer 2

• Gliding/ Plane - bone slide past each other with limited movement (midcarpal & midtarsal joints)
• Ball & Socket - allows radial movement in almost any direction (shoulder& hips)
• Pivot - allow rotation around an axis ( in the atlantoaxial joint of the neck; in the forearm: the radius & ulna)
• Ellipsoid - allow small type of radial movement but less magnitude than ball & socket (Wrist)
• Saddle - allow movement back/ forth; up/ down; but not rotation like ball & socket (thrumb)
• Hinge - allow extension & retraction of an appendage (knee & elbow)

Question 3

What is cartilage produced by?

Answer 3

Chordroblasts

Question 4

Name the types of cartilage

Answer 4

• Hayline cartilage (between ribs & sternum, in the trachea & bronchii, in the ear, the larynx)
• Elastic cartilage (epiglottis, larynx, outer ear)
• Fibrocartilage (intervertbral disks)

Question 5

Describe cartilage nature

Answer 5

Softer than bone yet firm; more flexible; have no blood supply; resistant to compression; with some hydration

Question 6

the cartilage is enclosed by _________

Answer 6

Perichondrium ( a thin layer of dense connective tissue

Question 7

The cartilage contains a ______ like substance called__________ along with _________

Answer 7

• jelly
• chondroitin sulphate (a proteoglycan- heavily glycosylated glycoprotein)
• fibres of collagen and elastin

Question 8

What is ligament

Answer 8

• Bands of connective tissue composed mainly of long, stringy, collagen fibres
• Connect bone to bone

Question 9

Synovial joint cavity contains _______

Answer 9

synovial fluid

Question 10

Cartilage covers ________

Answer 10

the 2 bone surfaces

Question 11

What surround the joint?

Answer 11

Joint capsule and ligament

Question 12

Name 2 joint diseases

Answer 12

Rheumatoid arthritis - Bone erosion, swollen inflamed synovial membrane

Osteoarthritis - Joint worn out, cartilage is thinned down. Bones end up rubbing each other

Gout - Crystal of uric acid found in synovial fluid. Cause by purine metabolism defect