Teratogens

Question 1

ACEi

Answer 1

Renal damage

Question 2

Alkylating agents

Answer 2

Absence of digits, multiple anomalies

Question 3

Aminoglycosides

Answer 3

CH VIII toxicity

Question 4

Carbamazepine

Answer 4

Neural tube defects
Craniofacial defects
Fingernail hypoplasia
Developmental delay
IUGR

Question 5

DES

Answer 5

Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma

Congenital Mullerian anomalies

Question 6

Folate antagonists

Answer 6

Neural tube defects

Question 7

Lithium

Answer 7

Ebstein’s anomaly (atrialized right ventricle)

Question 8

Pheyntoin

Answer 8

Fetal hydantoin syndrome: microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, hypoplastic nails and distal phalanges, cardiac defects, IUGR, mental retardation

Question 9

Tetracyclines

Answer 9

Discolored teeth

Question 10

Thalidomide

Answer 10

Limb defects

Question 11

Valproate

Answer 11

Inhibition of maternal folate absorption –> neural tube defects

Question 12

Warfarin

Answer 12

Bone deformities, fetal hemorrhage, abortion, ophthalmologic abnormalities

Heparin doesn’t cross placenta

Question 13

Alcohol

Answer 13

Leading cause of birth defects and mental retardation; fetal alcohol syndrome (microcephaly, holoprosencephaly, facial abnormalities, limb dislocation, heart and lung fistulas)

Question 14

Cocaine

Answer 14

Abnormal fetal development and fetal addiction; placental abruption

Question 15

Smoking (nicotine, CO)

Answer 15

Preterm labor, placental problems, IUGR, ADHD

Question 16

Iodide (too much, too little)

Answer 16

Congenital goiter or hypothyroidism (Cretinism)

Question 17

Maternal diabetes

Answer 17

Caudal regression syndrome (anal atresia to sirenomelia - “mermaid syndrome”)

Question 18

Vitamin A (Excess)

Answer 18

Risk for spontaneous abortion
Birth defects (cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities)

Question 19

X-rays

Answer 19

Microcephaly, mental retardation