Genital Embryology Flashcards
____ gene on the Y chromosome produces testis-determining factor (TDF)
SRY
Gonads are undifferentiated until ____ weeks
6
_______ cells secrete Mullerian inhibitory factor (MIF) that suppresses production of __________________
Sertoli
Paramesonephric ducts
_______ cells secrete androgens (testosterone) that stimulate the development of _________________
Leydig
Mesonephric ducts
*Note that the mesonephros functions as the interim kidney for the first trimester
____________ develops into the female internal structures (fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper portion of the vagina)
Paramesonephric/Mullerian Ducts
Females with secondary sex characteristics likely have functional ____________. Primary amenorrhea may, thus, be a structural problem from ___________ duct abnormalities.
ovaries
Mullerian
___________ develops into male internal structures (except prostate) - seminal vesicles, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens (SEED)
Mesonephric/Wolffian duct
Bicornuate uterus results from the incomplete fusion of the __________ ducts. Can lead to urinary tract abnormalities and miscarriages.
paramesonephric
Develop both male and female internal genitalia
Lack ___________ OR no ________ cells
Mullerian inhibitory factor
Sertoli
Normal internal male genitalia, ambiguous external genitalia until puberty
5-alpha-reductase deficiency
Need DHT for external genitalia/prostate development!
Genital Tubercle
Male (+DHT) = __________
Female (+Estrogen) = ________
Male = Glans penis, corpus cavernosum and spongiosum Female = Glans clitoris, vestibular bulbs
Urogenital sinus
Male (+DHT) = __________
Female (+Estrogen) = ________
Male = Bulbourethral glands of Cowper, Prostate gland Female = Greater vestibular glands of Bartholin, Urtehral and paraurethral galnds of Skene
Urogenital folds
Male (+DHT) = __________
Female (+Estrogen) = ________
Male = Ventral shaft of penis (penile urethra) Female = Labia minora
Labioscrotal swelling
Male (+DHT) = __________
Female (+Estrogen) = ________
Male = scrotum Female = Labia majora
__________ occurs in 10% of patients with cryptorchidism. Fixing this will prevent UTIs. Due to failure of the ___________ to close.
Hypospadias
Urethral folds
Abnormal opening of the penile urethra on the superior side of the penis due to faulty positioning of the genital tubercle.
Epispadias
Exstrophy of the bladder (a congenital anomaly in which part of the urinary bladder is present outside the body) is associated with _________
Epispadias
Gubernaculum (band of fibrous tissue) remains in males to ________________
anchor testes within scrotum
Gubernaculum (band of fibrous tissue) remains in females as ________________
Ovarian ligament + round ligament of the uterus
Processus vaginalus (evagination of peritoneum) forms _____________ in males
tunica vaginalis
The process vaginalus is ____________ in females
obliterated
