Genital Embryology

Question 1

____ gene on the Y chromosome produces testis-determining factor (TDF)

Answer 1

SRY

Question 2

Gonads are undifferentiated until ____ weeks

Answer 2

6

Question 3

_______ cells secrete Mullerian inhibitory factor (MIF) that suppresses production of __________________

Answer 3

Sertoli

Paramesonephric ducts

Question 4

_______ cells secrete androgens (testosterone) that stimulate the development of _________________

Answer 4

Leydig
Mesonephric ducts

*Note that the mesonephros functions as the interim kidney for the first trimester

Question 5

____________ develops into the female internal structures (fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper portion of the vagina)

Answer 5

Paramesonephric/Mullerian Ducts

Question 6

Females with secondary sex characteristics likely have functional ____________. Primary amenorrhea may, thus, be a structural problem from ___________ duct abnormalities.

Answer 6

ovaries

Mullerian

Question 7

___________ develops into male internal structures (except prostate) - seminal vesicles, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens (SEED)

Answer 7

Mesonephric/Wolffian duct

Question 8

Bicornuate uterus results from the incomplete fusion of the __________ ducts. Can lead to urinary tract abnormalities and miscarriages.

Answer 8

paramesonephric

Question 9

Develop both male and female internal genitalia

Lack ___________ OR no ________ cells

Answer 9

Mullerian inhibitory factor

Sertoli

Question 10

Normal internal male genitalia, ambiguous external genitalia until puberty

Answer 10

5-alpha-reductase deficiency

Need DHT for external genitalia/prostate development!

Question 11

Genital Tubercle

Male (+DHT) = __________
Female (+Estrogen) = ________

Answer 11

Male = Glans penis, corpus cavernosum and spongiosum
Female = Glans clitoris, vestibular bulbs

Question 12

Urogenital sinus

Male (+DHT) = __________
Female (+Estrogen) = ________

Answer 12

Male = Bulbourethral glands of Cowper, Prostate gland
Female = Greater vestibular glands of Bartholin, Urtehral and paraurethral galnds of Skene

Question 13

Urogenital folds

Male (+DHT) = __________
Female (+Estrogen) = ________

Answer 13

Male = Ventral shaft of penis (penile urethra)
Female = Labia minora

Question 14

Labioscrotal swelling

Male (+DHT) = __________
Female (+Estrogen) = ________

Answer 14

Male = scrotum
Female = Labia majora

Question 15

__________ occurs in 10% of patients with cryptorchidism. Fixing this will prevent UTIs. Due to failure of the ___________ to close.

Answer 15

Hypospadias

Urethral folds

Question 16

Abnormal opening of the penile urethra on the superior side of the penis due to faulty positioning of the genital tubercle.

Answer 16

Epispadias

Question 17

Exstrophy of the bladder (a congenital anomaly in which part of the urinary bladder is present outside the body) is associated with _________

Answer 17

Epispadias

Question 18

Gubernaculum (band of fibrous tissue) remains in males to ________________

Answer 18

anchor testes within scrotum

Question 19

Gubernaculum (band of fibrous tissue) remains in females as ________________

Answer 19

Ovarian ligament + round ligament of the uterus

Question 20

Processus vaginalus (evagination of peritoneum) forms _____________ in males

Answer 20

tunica vaginalis

Question 21

The process vaginalus is ____________ in females

Answer 21

obliterated