Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Embryology > Repro - Path > Flashcards

Repro - Path Flashcards

1
Q

_________________ and _________________ is associated with polyhydramnios ( > 1.5 - 2 L of fluid)

A
  1. Esophageal/Duodenal atresia

2. Anencephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Associations with oligohydramnios ( > 0.5 L of fluid), which can give rise to Potter’s syndrome (flat face, low set ears, defects of extremities)

A
  1. Bilateral renal agenesis

2. Posterior urethral valves (males)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

E6 product inhibits p53 suppressor gene

A

HPV 16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

E7 product inhibits RB suppressor gene

A

HPV 18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

1 risk factor for HPV

A

multiple sexual partners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

other risk factors for HPV

A

smoking, HIV, early sexual intercourse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Treatment for acute endometritis

A

gentamycin + clindamycin with or without ampicillin

vaginal/gut flora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Endometrial Carcinoma can arise from 1_____ or 2______

A

Endometrial hyperplasia –> Endometriod (60 yrs)

Sporadic –> Serous, Papillary, Psommoma, p53 (70 yrs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the most important predictor for endometrial hyperplasia progression to carcinoma?

A

Nuclear atypia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gynecologic tumor epidemiology - what are the three most common tumors

A

Endometrial > Ovarian > Cervical (most common worldwide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pregnancy, PCOS, HPO axis issues, premature ovarian failure (less than 40 yrs), hyperprolactinemia, thyroid disorders, eating disorders, Cushing’s syndrome, adrenal insufficiency are the…

A

Most common causes of anovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most common causes of orchitis/acute prostatitis in younger men

A

Chlamydia and Gonorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most common causes of orchitis/acute prostatitis in older men

A

E. Coli and Pseudomonas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

“tender and boggy prostate” on PE

A

acute prostatis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

dysuria + pelvic/low back pain + WBC in secretion, but no cultures

A

chronic prostatis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hormone levels in bilateral cryptorchidism

A

Decreased testosterone (may be normal, Leydig aren’t temp sensitive, generally normal in unilateral)

Less inhibin, Up FSH, Up LH

17
Q

__________ increases risk for cryptorchidism

A

prematurity

18
Q

Most common cause of scrotal enlargement in males

A

Varicocele (“bag of worms”)

19
Q

These tumors are NOT biopsied due to risk of seeding the scrotum

A

Testicular Tumors

Most are malignant

20
Q

Most common testicular tumor (risk factors: Klinefelter’s and cryptorchidism)

A

Germ Cell - Seminoma

21
Q

These type of germ cell tumors are highly responsive to radiotherapy, metastasize late, and have excellent prognosis. They form a homogenous mass with no hemorrhage or necrosis. Elevated placental AlkPhos (PLAP)

A

Seminomas

22
Q

___________________ is a malignant germ cell tumor comprised of immature, primitive cells that may produce glands. Forms a hemhorragic mass with necrosis.

A

Embryonal Carcinoma

23
Q

Chemo of this tumor may result in differentiation into another type of germ cell tumor (e.g. teratoma)

A

Embryonal Carcinoma

24
Q

Embryonoal Carcinoma can have elevated _____ or _______

A

AFP (mixed)

BHCG (pure)

25
Q

Most common germ cell tumor in children

A

Yolk Salk, Endodermal

26
Q

Schiller Duval

A

Yolk Salk, Endometriod (AFP elevated)

27
Q

This germ cell tumor may lead to hyperthyroidism or gynecomastia

A

Choriocarcinoma - BHCG - the ALPHA subunit is similar to that of FSH, LH, and TSH

28
Q

This type of germ cell tumor is usually benign in females, but malignant in males

A

Teratoma (AFP or BHCG may be elevated)

29
Q

Large Cells in lobules with watery cytoplasm and “fried egg” appearance

A

Seminoma

30
Q

Reinke Crystals

A

Leydig Cell Tumor

31
Q

_________ is comprised of tubules and is usually clinically silent

A

Sertoli

32
Q

Most common cause of testicular mass in males > 60 years old; often bilateral

A

Lymphoma, usually diffuse large B

33
Q

Dilated Epididymal Duct is harmless and is called a…

A

Spermatocele

34
Q

This is fluid in scrotum (tunica vaginalis) secondary to incomplete fusion of process vaginalis (infants) or blockage of lymphatic drainage (adults)

A

Hydrocele

Embryology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions