Tenses overview Flashcards
Imperative
Regular formation
Positive and negative commands
Reflexive verbs
5 possible forms:
Tú, usted, nosotros, vosotros, ustedes
Positive commands:
Tú and vosotros follow correct verb ending pattern
Tú = a/e - remove final s from pres ind tú form
Vosotros = ends ad/ed/id - replace final r of inf with d
Usted and ustedes and nosotros = pres subj swapped endings ie
e/en/emos - ar verbs
a/an/amos - er/ir verbs
Negative commands:
All forms are present subj with swapped endings
Tú = as/es
Vosotros = áis/éis
Reflexives
Add me etc to end - may trigger stress accent
Nosotros - drop s on ending emos/amos before pronoun
Vosotros - drop d* on ending ed/id/ad changing pronunciation eg levantados = levantaos
*Except for irse - choice of 2 forms = iros/idos
Imperative irregular verbs
8 irreg verbs Affects tú form only: Vin Di.sal haz ten ve.pon.sé Venir - vin Decir - di Salir - sal Hacer - haz Tener - ten Ir - ve Poner - pon Ser - sé
Special case with IR + nosotros
affirmative commands use pres ind Vamos instead
Use subj for negative commands only - No vayamos
Alphabetical order Decir Hacer Ir Poner Saber Salir Ser Venir Similar to future/cond list except for \+ ir and salir - poder and querer
Future tense reg construction and endings
Irregular verbs
Inf +
é, ás, á, emos, éis, án
8 Irregular verbs Decir - dir Hacer - har Poder - podr Poner - pondr Querer - querr Saber - sabr Tener - tendr Venir - vendr
Similar to imperative affirmative tú irregs except for
+ poder, querer
- ir, salir
Cond construction, endings and irregulars
Inf +
ía, ías, ía, íamos, íais, ían
8 Irregs as future list: Decir - dir Hacer - har Poder - podr Poner - pondr Querer - querr Saber - sabr Tener - tendr Venir - vendr
Similar to imperative affirmative tú irregs except for
+ poder, querer
- ir, salir
Present subjunctive
Construction and irregs
Uses present ind yo form - o as stem
Irregs are present ind irreg yo forms and radical verb changes
Endings are swapped ar - er/ir, er/ir - ar
ar verb endings = e, es, e, emos, éis, en
er/ir verb endings = a, as, a, amos, áis, an
Imperfect subjunctive
Construction and Irregs
2 forms of imperfect subj exist
Type 1: Stem is 3rd pers plural of preterite -
Irregs are 3rd pers pl pret incl radical verb changes - on
Endings are swapped between ar and er/ir verbs and are the same as present subj with 2 exceptions*
Ar verbs = e, es, e, emos, eis, en
Er/ir verbs = a, as, a amos, ais, an
- Vosotros has no accent in imp subj
- Nosotros has accent on final vowel of stem eg dijéramos, habláremos
Compound subj tenses eg perfect, pluperfect
Construction and irregs
Formed using present or imperfect subjunctive of haber + usual pp
Irregs = haber, usual pp
Pres Haber
Haya, as, a, amos, áis, an
Imperfect Haber
Hubiera, as, a, hubiéramos, ais, an
Future progressive (/continuous) Will be doing Tomorrow I will be working in Madrid
Action verbs only
Future of estar + gerund
Mañana estaré trabajando en Madrid
Future perfect - el futuro perfecto
Will have + pp
Haber
Used to form future perfect - el futuro perfecto
Habré Habrás Habrá Habremos Habréis Habrán
Habrá (+ noun)
(future of hay)
there will be
Imperfect v pret
Action - likely pret
Emotion/ description- likely imp
If no time is mentioned - consider imp
Fixed start and end points - consider pret
Story - pos imp - esp since descriptive
state setting scene for an action - imp then pret
Action that started in past but is still continuing in present - imp
Fixed start and ends in past = eg yesterday, last week - pret if actions
Longer time periods eg when I was a child consider single action (pret) or repeated (likely imp)
Words that suggest repeated action = always, often, sometimes, rarely, once a week
Never = ?
