Subjuntivo Flashcards
Until (that)
Hasta que
subjunctive for future events yet to happen only
past/pres events use indicative
Before (that)
Antes de que
On condition that
A condición de que
In order that
So that it works
So that you know
Para que
A fin de que
Para que funcione
Para que sepas
To wish, want that
I want you to know
I want him/her/it/you to return
Querer que
Quiero que sepas
Quiero que vuelva
Necessity
To need that
It is necessary that
It is necessary that James reads this book
Necesitar que
Es necesario que
Jaime lea este libro
Hope - 2 To hope, expect that I hope (that), hopefully (that) We hope, expect that you (tú) cook well Hopefully, I hop[e that you cook well
Esperar que/Ojalá (que)
Esperamos que cocines bien
Ojalá (que) cocines bien
To be happy that
It makes me happy that you smile
Alegrarse de que
Me alegro de que sonrías
To recommend that
My doctor recommends that I drink more water
Recomendar que
Mi doctor recomienda que bebas más agua
To doubt that
I doubt he has my phone number
Cf I’m sure he has my phone number
Dudar que
Dudo que él tenga mi número de teléfono
Cf Estoy seguro que tiene mi número de teléfono
Once (that)
Una vez que
Provided that, so long as
So long as there is a bit of quiet in the house
Con tal (de) que Con tal de que haya un poco de tranquilidad en la casa
As long as
Siempre que
If, in case (that)
En caso de que
Even if
Cf alternative meaning as although
I will come even though my car isn’t working
I will come even if my car isn’t working
Aunque
Vendré aunque mi coche no funciona
Vendré aunque mi coche no funcione
Reason
1st is definite and known - car isn’t working
2nd is speculative and not known
No matter how much (2)
Por más que
Por mucho que
As long as
Mientras que
To not think (believe)
I don’t think you are going to like this song
Cf I think that you are going to like his song
I don’t think you’re right
Cf I think you’re right
No creer No creo que te vaya a gustar esta canción Cf Creo que vas a gustar a esta canción No creo que tengas razón Cf Creo que tienes razón
To not think (not believe)
No pensar
To not seem/appear that
It doesn’t seem/appear that the situation is going to improve
Cf It seems/appears that the situation is going to improve
It doesn’t seem/appear that it’s going to snow
Cf It seems/appears that it’s going to snow
No parecer que No parece que vaya a mejorar la situación Cf Parece que la situación va a mejorar No parece que vaya a nevar Cf Parece que va a nevar
To not suppose
You don’t suppose he wants to dance, do you?
No suponer
No supones que quiera bailar, o sí?
To not be sure
I’m not sure that my mother is coming
No estar seguro AA
No estoy seguro/a que mi madre venga
To not understand that
I don’t understand that sharks are dangerous
No comprender que
No comprendo que los tiburones sean peligrosos
To deny that
Negar que
To have the suspicion that
They have the suspicion that their son is lying
Tener la sospecha de que
Tienen la sospecha de que su hijo mienta
To not be able to believe
and other verbs that take subjunctive in affirmative
You won’t be able to believe that I do all of my chores myself
No poder creer que
No puedes creer que yo mismo/a haga todas mis tareas
To not be convinced that
No estar convencido AA de que
To be grateful that
I am grateful that he arrives home
Agradecer que
Agradezco que él llegue a la casa
To insist that
Mum insists that her sons (children) eat dinner together
Insistir que
Mamá insiste que sus hijos cenen juntos
To not have (that)
No tener que
To look for (that)
The teacher is looking for the students to learn
Buscar … que
La profesora busca que los estudiantes aprendan
To order that
Mandar que
To request, ask that
Pedir que
To wish, desire that
I wish to go out with a man who buys me flowers
Desear que
Deseo salir con un hombre que me compre flores
To prefer that
Preferir que
To not find that
I don’t find the children guilty
No encontrar que
No encuentro que los niños sean culpables
To demand that
Exigir que
There is/are not
No haber
No hay
I am grateful that I have two brothers
Agradezco que yo tengo dos hermanos
Indicative due to no change in subject and therefore no influence on another person
To beg, ask/request (like pedir)
Rogar (o-ue)
To like (that)
Gustar que
To complain (that)
Quejarse que
To be delighted that
Encantar que
To regret that
Lamentar que
To feel that
Sentir que
To be angry that
Enojar que
To astonish (that) (m)
Maravillar que
To surprise (that)
Sorprender que
To annoy that
Molestar que
To fear that
Temer que
To be amazed that
Extrañarse que
To be afraid that
Tener miedo de que
To be + emotion that
eg I am happy, angry, sad that
Estar + emotion que
Estoy contento, enojado, triste que
To be fed up that
Estar harto (AA) de que + subj
To be(come) nervous that It makes me nervous that you are here
Ponerse nervioso (AA) que + subj Me pone nervioso que estés aquí
If + past tense verb + conditional verb
past tense verb can be replaced with Engl subj
Incl even if subject pronoun remains the same as subj is verb 1 not 2
If I had more money I would go on holiday
(If I were to have more money)
Si + imp subj + conditional
Si tuviera más dinero, iría de vacaciones
If + past tense verb + conditional verb
past tense verb can be replaced with Engl subj
Incl even if subject pronoun remains the same as subj is verb 1 not 2
If we studied we would get good grades
(If we were to study)
Si + imp subj + conditional
Si estudiáramos, sacaríamos buenas notas
If + past tense verb + conditional verb
past tense verb can be replaced with Engl subj
Incl even if subject pronoun remains the same as subj is verb 1 not 2
If they lived closer we would visit them every week
(If they were to live)
Si + imp subj + conditional
Si vivieran más cerca, les visitaríamos cada semana
When + pres subj/pres ind + verb 2
When I am older, I will be a doctor
Cuando sea mayor, seré médico/a
When + pres subj + future/imperative
When + pres ind + pres ind
Subj: future, hypothetical event that is not definite but you intend it to happen
Ind: habitual present tense action, therefore definite as has happened before
Incl even if subject pronoun remains the same as subj is verb 1 not 2
When + pres subj/pres ind + verb 2
When your brothers arrive, it will be very late
Cuando tus hermanos lleguen, será muy tarde
When + pres subj + future/imperative
When + pres ind + pres ind
Subj: future, hypothetical event that is not definite but you intend it to happen
Ind: habitual present tense action, therefore definite as has happened before
Incl even if subject pronoun remains the same as subj is verb 1 not 2
When + pres subj/pres ind + verb 2 When you (tú) go to the market, buy fruit and vegetables
Cuando vayas al mercado, compra fruta y verdura
When + pres subj + future/imperative
When + pres ind + pres ind
Subj: future, hypothetical event that is not definite but you intend it to happen
Ind: habitual present tense action, therefore definite as has happened before
Incl even if subject pronoun remains the same as subj is verb 1 not 2
When + pres subj/pres ind + verb 2
When I go on holiday to Tenerife, I stay in the X hotel
Cuando voy de vacaciones a Tenerife, me hospedo en el hotel X
When + pres subj + future/imperative
When + pres ind + pres ind
Subj: future, hypothetical event that is not definite but you intend it to happen
Ind: habitual present tense action, therefore definite as has happened before
Incl even if subject pronoun remains the same as subj is verb 1 not 2
When + pres subj/pres ind + verb 2
When I go to Tenerife, I will stay in the X hotel
Cuando vaya de vacaciones a Tenerife, me hospedaré en el hotel X
When + pres subj + future/imperative
When + pres ind + pres ind
Subj: future, hypothetical event that is not definite but you intend it to happen
Ind: habitual present tense action, therefore definite as has happened before
Incl even if subject pronoun remains the same as subj is verb 1 not 2
Perhaps
rules for 3 perhaps expressions - present/future events/actions
I might go to the concert tonight
I’ll go to the concert tonight maybe
Tal vez, quizá, quizás
Tal vez voy al concierto esta noche - or
Tal vez vaya al concierto esta noche
Voy al concierto esta noche tal vez
All 3 indicate probability/doubt
When used for present/future event/action and at start of sentence they can be followed by either present indicative or present subjunctive - equal priority, no further rules
If used at end of sentence use present indicative only
Perhaps
rules for 3 perhaps expressions - present/future events/actions
I don’t know why is wrong with me; I may be a bit nervous
I don’t know why is wrong with me; I am a bit nervous maybe
Tal vez, quizá, quizás
No sé que me pasa; quizás estoy un poco nervioso - or
No sé que me pasa; quizás esté un poco nervioso
No sé que me pasa; estoy un poco nervioso quizás
All 3 indicate probability/doubt
When used for present/future event/action and at start of sentence they can be followed by either present indicative or present subjunctive - equal priority, no further rules
If used at end of sentence use present indicative only
Perhaps
3 expressions
Rules for past events/actions
Miguel may not have passed (4)
Miguel hasn’t passed perhaps
Tal vez, quizá, quizás Quizás Miguel no aprobó Quizás Miguel no aprobara Quizás Miguel no ha aprobado Quizás Miguel no haya aprobado Miguel no aprobó quizás
All 3 indicate probability/doubt
When used for past event/action and at start of sentence they can be followed by either past indicative (pret/perfect/pluperf) or past subjunctive (imp/perfect/pluperf) - equal priority, no further rules
If used at end of sentence use past indicative only
It’s vital that
people have good (not buenas) health practices
Es vital que
la gente tenga prácticas de salud adecuadas
It could be that
there is less
Puede que
haya menos
To wait until/for
Esperar a que
Since
Desde que
subjunctive for future events yet to happen only
past/pres events use ind
Conjugation of present subjunctive
Stem is yo form of present ind - o
incl irregs and radical verb changes
plus opposite près ind endings
ar verbs use er endings: e, es, e, emos, éis, en
er/ir verbs use ar endings: a, as, a, amos, áis, an
Conjugation of future subjunctive
Hablar
Comer/Vivir
Similarities - future subj and imperfect subj re stem and accents
Occasionally written but gen unused in speech and replaced by present subj
Stem comes from 3rd pers plur of pret (to final r ie - an/en) + pres ind ER endings for all verbs (except yo - e and accent change)
Reg verbs: AR, ER, IR - all ER endings
Ar verbs = infinitive + ER endings
Hablare, es, e, habláremos, eis, en
Er/Ir verbs = add i to inf before er/ir = ier plus ER endings
Comiere, es, e, comiéremos, eis, en
Viviere, etc
Conjugation of imperfect subjunctive - type 1
(No preterite subjunctive)
Hablar
Comer/Vivir
Similarities - future subj and imperfect subj type 1 re stem and accents
(Imp subj type 2 has different stem and endings)
Stem comes from 3rd pers plur of pret (to final r ie - an/en) + switched AR/ER pres ind endings (except for yo - e/a and accent change) ie as present subjunctive endings
Reg verbs:
Ar verbs = infinitive + pres ind ER endings
Hablara, as, a, habláramos, ais, an
Er/Ir verbs = add i to inf before er/ir = ier plus pres ind AR endings except for yo and accent change
Comiera, as, a, comiéramos, ais, an
Viviera, etc
Conjugation of pluperfect subjunctive
Haber
Haber in imperfect subjunctive + pp
Hubiera, hubieras, hubiera, hubiéramos, hubierais, hubieran
Conjugation of pluperfect subjunctive
Haber
Haber in imperfect subjunctive + pp
Hubiera, hubieras, hubiera, hubiéramos, hubierais, hubieran
Conjugation of future perfect subjunctive
Haber
Haber in future subjunctive + pp
Hubiere, hubieres, hubiere, hubiéremos, hubiereis, hubieren
Take care WHEN you walk around here
Ten cuidado cuando camines por aquí
I didn’t imagine that x could have so many uses
No imaginé que x pudiera tener tantos usos
As if x was -ing
I felt a tickling on the back of my neck as if an ant was walking over it
… como si x estuviera + gerund
Sentí un cosquilleo en la nuca como si una hormiga estuviera caminando ella
However + adj eg honest he/she/you may be
Por (adj) honesto AA que sea
Be + adj
Be honest with your (Usted) answers
Sea honesto AA con sus respuestas
Do you mind if I smoke
Te importa/molesta SI fumo? (IND)
Te importa/molesta QUE fumE? (SUBJ)
I would have preferred + noun/inf
Hubiera preferido + noun/inf
I almost couldn’t + verb (come)
Por poco no (venga)
Common subjunctive phrases with sea That is ... Whenever ... No matter how/at any cost Whether it be for (x or y) eg work or for fun reasons
O sea …
Cuando sea …
Sea como sea
Ya sea por x o y - eg ya sea por motivos de trabajo o diversión
Common subjunctive phrases with aunque sea Although it’s a little/not much small hard
Aunque sea
poco
pequeño
duro
Common subjunctive phrases with ojalá I hope it is soon I hope you can help me I wish there were more I hope he/she/it arrives
Ojalá sea pronto
Ojalá puedas ayudarme
Ojalá hubiera más
Ojalá llegue
Common subjunctive phrases with ojalá QUE -
often considered to be incorrect but commonly used
I hope it turns out ok
I hope it’s been …
Ojalá que salga bien
Ojalá que haya sido…
Common subjunctive phrases with cuando When it’s necessary When it’s done When you have time When he/she/it arrives (comes)/leaves
Cuando sea necesario
Cuando esté hecho
Cuando tengas tiempo
Cuando venga/salga
Possibility and probability
It’s possible that there is …
It’s possible that it exists
It’s probable that it’s …
Es posible que haya …
Es posible que exista
Es probable que sea …
It’s important that you know …
Es importante que sepas …
