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Sp > Subjuntivo > Flashcards

Subjuntivo Flashcards

1
Q

Until (that)

A

Hasta que
subjunctive for future events yet to happen only
past/pres events use indicative

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2
Q

Before (that)

A

Antes de que

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3
Q

On condition that

A

A condición de que

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4
Q

In order that
So that it works
So that you know

A

Para que
A fin de que
Para que funcione
Para que sepas

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5
Q

To wish, want that
I want you to know
I want him/her/it/you to return

A

Querer que
Quiero que sepas
Quiero que vuelva

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6
Q

Necessity
To need that
It is necessary that
It is necessary that James reads this book

A

Necesitar que
Es necesario que
Jaime lea este libro

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7
Q 
Hope - 2
To hope, expect that 
I hope (that), hopefully (that)
We hope, expect that you (tú) cook well
Hopefully, I hop[e that you cook well
A

Esperar que/Ojalá (que)
Esperamos que cocines bien
Ojalá (que) cocines bien

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8
Q

To be happy that

It makes me happy that you smile

A

Alegrarse de que

Me alegro de que sonrías

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9
Q

To recommend that

My doctor recommends that I drink more water

A

Recomendar que

Mi doctor recomienda que bebas más agua

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10
Q

To doubt that
I doubt he has my phone number
Cf I’m sure he has my phone number

A

Dudar que
Dudo que él tenga mi número de teléfono
Cf Estoy seguro que tiene mi número de teléfono

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11
Q

Once (that)

A

Una vez que

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12
Q

Provided that, so long as

So long as there is a bit of quiet in the house

A 
Con tal (de) que
Con tal de que haya un poco de tranquilidad en la casa
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13
Q

As long as

A

Siempre que

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14
Q

If, in case (that)

A

En caso de que

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15
Q

Even if
Cf alternative meaning as although
I will come even though my car isn’t working
I will come even if my car isn’t working

A

Aunque

Vendré aunque mi coche no funciona
Vendré aunque mi coche no funcione

Reason
1st is definite and known - car isn’t working
2nd is speculative and not known

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16
Q

No matter how much (2)

A

Por más que

Por mucho que

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17
Q

As long as

A

Mientras que

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18
Q

To not think (believe)
I don’t think you are going to like this song
Cf I think that you are going to like his song
I don’t think you’re right
Cf I think you’re right

A 
No creer
No creo que te vaya a gustar esta canción 
Cf Creo que vas a gustar a esta canción 
No creo que tengas razón
Cf Creo que tienes razón
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19
Q

To not think (not believe)

A

No pensar

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20
Q

To not seem/appear that
It doesn’t seem/appear that the situation is going to improve
Cf It seems/appears that the situation is going to improve
It doesn’t seem/appear that it’s going to snow
Cf It seems/appears that it’s going to snow

A 
No parecer que
No parece que vaya a mejorar la situación 
Cf Parece que la situación va a mejorar
No parece que vaya a nevar
Cf Parece que va a nevar
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21
Q

To not suppose

You don’t suppose he wants to dance, do you?

A

No suponer

No supones que quiera bailar, o sí?

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22
Q

To not be sure

I’m not sure that my mother is coming

A

No estar seguro AA

No estoy seguro/a que mi madre venga

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23
Q

To not understand that

I don’t understand that sharks are dangerous

A

No comprender que

No comprendo que los tiburones sean peligrosos

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24
Q

To deny that

A

Negar que

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25
Q

To have the suspicion that

They have the suspicion that their son is lying

A

Tener la sospecha de que

Tienen la sospecha de que su hijo mienta

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26
Q

To not be able to believe
and other verbs that take subjunctive in affirmative
You won’t be able to believe that I do all of my chores myself

A

No poder creer que

No puedes creer que yo mismo/a haga todas mis tareas

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27
Q

To not be convinced that

A

No estar convencido AA de que

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28
Q

To be grateful that

I am grateful that he arrives home

A

Agradecer que

Agradezco que él llegue a la casa

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29
Q

To insist that

Mum insists that her sons (children) eat dinner together

A

Insistir que

Mamá insiste que sus hijos cenen juntos

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30
Q

To not have (that)

A

No tener que

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31
Q

To look for (that)

The teacher is looking for the students to learn

A

Buscar … que

La profesora busca que los estudiantes aprendan

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32
Q

To order that

A

Mandar que

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33
Q

To request, ask that

A

Pedir que

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34
Q

To wish, desire that

I wish to go out with a man who buys me flowers

A

Desear que

Deseo salir con un hombre que me compre flores

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35
Q

To prefer that

A

Preferir que

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36
Q

To not find that

I don’t find the children guilty

A

No encontrar que

No encuentro que los niños sean culpables

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37
Q

To demand that

A

Exigir que

38
Q

There is/are not

A

No haber

No hay

39
Q

I am grateful that I have two brothers

A

Agradezco que yo tengo dos hermanos

Indicative due to no change in subject and therefore no influence on another person

40
Q

To beg, ask/request (like pedir)

A

Rogar (o-ue)

41
Q

To like (that)

A

Gustar que

42
Q

To complain (that)

A

Quejarse que

43
Q

To be delighted that

A

Encantar que

44
Q

To regret that

A

Lamentar que

45
Q

To feel that

A

Sentir que

46
Q

To be angry that

A

Enojar que

47
Q 
To astonish (that)
(m)
A

Maravillar que

48
Q

To surprise (that)

A

Sorprender que

49
Q

To annoy that

A

Molestar que

50
Q

To fear that

A

Temer que

51
Q

To be amazed that

A

Extrañarse que

52
Q

To be afraid that

A

Tener miedo de que

53
Q

To be + emotion that

eg I am happy, angry, sad that

A

Estar + emotion que

Estoy contento, enojado, triste que

54
Q

To be fed up that

A

Estar harto (AA) de que + subj

55
Q 
To be(come) nervous that
It makes me nervous that you are here
A 
Ponerse nervioso (AA) que + subj
Me pone nervioso que estés aquí
56
Q

If + past tense verb + conditional verb
past tense verb can be replaced with Engl subj
Incl even if subject pronoun remains the same as subj is verb 1 not 2
If I had more money I would go on holiday
(If I were to have more money)

A

Si + imp subj + conditional

Si tuviera más dinero, iría de vacaciones

57
Q

If + past tense verb + conditional verb
past tense verb can be replaced with Engl subj
Incl even if subject pronoun remains the same as subj is verb 1 not 2
If we studied we would get good grades
(If we were to study)

A

Si + imp subj + conditional

Si estudiáramos, sacaríamos buenas notas

58
Q

If + past tense verb + conditional verb
past tense verb can be replaced with Engl subj
Incl even if subject pronoun remains the same as subj is verb 1 not 2
If they lived closer we would visit them every week
(If they were to live)

A

Si + imp subj + conditional

Si vivieran más cerca, les visitaríamos cada semana

59
Q

When + pres subj/pres ind + verb 2

When I am older, I will be a doctor

A

Cuando sea mayor, seré médico/a

When + pres subj + future/imperative
When + pres ind + pres ind
Subj: future, hypothetical event that is not definite but you intend it to happen
Ind: habitual present tense action, therefore definite as has happened before
Incl even if subject pronoun remains the same as subj is verb 1 not 2

60
Q

When + pres subj/pres ind + verb 2

When your brothers arrive, it will be very late

A

Cuando tus hermanos lleguen, será muy tarde

When + pres subj + future/imperative
When + pres ind + pres ind
Subj: future, hypothetical event that is not definite but you intend it to happen
Ind: habitual present tense action, therefore definite as has happened before
Incl even if subject pronoun remains the same as subj is verb 1 not 2

61
Q 
When + pres subj/pres ind + verb 2
When you (tú) go to the market, buy fruit and vegetables
A

Cuando vayas al mercado, compra fruta y verdura

When + pres subj + future/imperative
When + pres ind + pres ind
Subj: future, hypothetical event that is not definite but you intend it to happen
Ind: habitual present tense action, therefore definite as has happened before
Incl even if subject pronoun remains the same as subj is verb 1 not 2

62
Q

When + pres subj/pres ind + verb 2

When I go on holiday to Tenerife, I stay in the X hotel

A

Cuando voy de vacaciones a Tenerife, me hospedo en el hotel X

When + pres subj + future/imperative
When + pres ind + pres ind
Subj: future, hypothetical event that is not definite but you intend it to happen
Ind: habitual present tense action, therefore definite as has happened before
Incl even if subject pronoun remains the same as subj is verb 1 not 2

63
Q

When + pres subj/pres ind + verb 2

When I go to Tenerife, I will stay in the X hotel

A

Cuando vaya de vacaciones a Tenerife, me hospedaré en el hotel X

When + pres subj + future/imperative
When + pres ind + pres ind
Subj: future, hypothetical event that is not definite but you intend it to happen
Ind: habitual present tense action, therefore definite as has happened before
Incl even if subject pronoun remains the same as subj is verb 1 not 2

64
Q

Perhaps
rules for 3 perhaps expressions - present/future events/actions

I might go to the concert tonight
I’ll go to the concert tonight maybe

A

Tal vez, quizá, quizás
Tal vez voy al concierto esta noche - or
Tal vez vaya al concierto esta noche
Voy al concierto esta noche tal vez

All 3 indicate probability/doubt
When used for present/future event/action and at start of sentence they can be followed by either present indicative or present subjunctive - equal priority, no further rules
If used at end of sentence use present indicative only

65
Q

Perhaps
rules for 3 perhaps expressions - present/future events/actions

I don’t know why is wrong with me; I may be a bit nervous
I don’t know why is wrong with me; I am a bit nervous maybe

A

Tal vez, quizá, quizás
No sé que me pasa; quizás estoy un poco nervioso - or
No sé que me pasa; quizás esté un poco nervioso
No sé que me pasa; estoy un poco nervioso quizás

All 3 indicate probability/doubt
When used for present/future event/action and at start of sentence they can be followed by either present indicative or present subjunctive - equal priority, no further rules
If used at end of sentence use present indicative only

66
Q

Perhaps
3 expressions
Rules for past events/actions

Miguel may not have passed (4)

Miguel hasn’t passed perhaps

A 
Tal vez, quizá, quizás 
Quizás Miguel no aprobó
Quizás Miguel no aprobara
Quizás Miguel no ha aprobado
Quizás Miguel no haya aprobado
Miguel no aprobó quizás

All 3 indicate probability/doubt
When used for past event/action and at start of sentence they can be followed by either past indicative (pret/perfect/pluperf) or past subjunctive (imp/perfect/pluperf) - equal priority, no further rules
If used at end of sentence use past indicative only

67
Q

It’s vital that

people have good (not buenas) health practices

A

Es vital que

la gente tenga prácticas de salud adecuadas

68
Q

It could be that

there is less

A

Puede que

haya menos

69
Q

To wait until/for

A

Esperar a que

70
Q

Since

A

Desde que
subjunctive for future events yet to happen only
past/pres events use ind

71
Q

Conjugation of present subjunctive

A

Stem is yo form of present ind - o
incl irregs and radical verb changes
plus opposite près ind endings
ar verbs use er endings: e, es, e, emos, éis, en
er/ir verbs use ar endings: a, as, a, amos, áis, an

72
Q

Conjugation of future subjunctive
Hablar
Comer/Vivir
Similarities - future subj and imperfect subj re stem and accents
Occasionally written but gen unused in speech and replaced by present subj

A

Stem comes from 3rd pers plur of pret (to final r ie - an/en) + pres ind ER endings for all verbs (except yo - e and accent change)
Reg verbs: AR, ER, IR - all ER endings
Ar verbs = infinitive + ER endings
Hablare, es, e, habláremos, eis, en
Er/Ir verbs = add i to inf before er/ir = ier plus ER endings
Comiere, es, e, comiéremos, eis, en
Viviere, etc

73
Q

Conjugation of imperfect subjunctive - type 1
(No preterite subjunctive)
Hablar
Comer/Vivir
Similarities - future subj and imperfect subj type 1 re stem and accents
(Imp subj type 2 has different stem and endings)

A

Stem comes from 3rd pers plur of pret (to final r ie - an/en) + switched AR/ER pres ind endings (except for yo - e/a and accent change) ie as present subjunctive endings
Reg verbs:
Ar verbs = infinitive + pres ind ER endings
Hablara, as, a, habláramos, ais, an
Er/Ir verbs = add i to inf before er/ir = ier plus pres ind AR endings except for yo and accent change
Comiera, as, a, comiéramos, ais, an
Viviera, etc

74
Q

Conjugation of pluperfect subjunctive

Haber

A

Haber in imperfect subjunctive + pp

Hubiera, hubieras, hubiera, hubiéramos, hubierais, hubieran

75
Q

Conjugation of pluperfect subjunctive

Haber

A

Haber in imperfect subjunctive + pp

Hubiera, hubieras, hubiera, hubiéramos, hubierais, hubieran

76
Q

Conjugation of future perfect subjunctive

Haber

A

Haber in future subjunctive + pp

Hubiere, hubieres, hubiere, hubiéremos, hubiereis, hubieren

77
Q

Take care WHEN you walk around here

A

Ten cuidado cuando camines por aquí

78
Q

I didn’t imagine that x could have so many uses

A

No imaginé que x pudiera tener tantos usos

79
Q

As if x was -ing

I felt a tickling on the back of my neck as if an ant was walking over it

A

… como si x estuviera + gerund

Sentí un cosquilleo en la nuca como si una hormiga estuviera caminando ella

80
Q

However + adj eg honest he/she/you may be

A

Por (adj) honesto AA que sea

81
Q

Be + adj

Be honest with your (Usted) answers

A

Sea honesto AA con sus respuestas

82
Q

Do you mind if I smoke

A

Te importa/molesta SI fumo? (IND)

Te importa/molesta QUE fumE? (SUBJ)

83
Q

I would have preferred + noun/inf

A

Hubiera preferido + noun/inf

84
Q

I almost couldn’t + verb (come)

A

Por poco no (venga)

85
Q 
Common subjunctive phrases with sea
That is ...
Whenever ...
No matter how/at any cost
Whether it be for (x or y) eg work or for fun reasons
A

O sea …
Cuando sea …
Sea como sea
Ya sea por x o y - eg ya sea por motivos de trabajo o diversión

86
Q 
Common subjunctive phrases with aunque sea
Although it’s 
a little/not much
small
hard
A

Aunque sea
poco
pequeño
duro

87
Q 
Common subjunctive phrases with ojalá
I hope it is soon
I hope you can help me
I wish there were more
I hope he/she/it arrives
A

Ojalá sea pronto
Ojalá puedas ayudarme
Ojalá hubiera más
Ojalá llegue

88
Q

Common subjunctive phrases with ojalá QUE -
often considered to be incorrect but commonly used
I hope it turns out ok
I hope it’s been …

A

Ojalá que salga bien

Ojalá que haya sido…

89
Q 
Common subjunctive phrases with cuando
When it’s necessary
When it’s done
When you have time
When he/she/it arrives (comes)/leaves
A

Cuando sea necesario
Cuando esté hecho
Cuando tengas tiempo
Cuando venga/salga

90
Q

Possibility and probability
It’s possible that there is …
It’s possible that it exists
It’s probable that it’s …

A

Es posible que haya …
Es posible que exista
Es probable que sea …

91
Q

It’s important that you know …

A

Es importante que sepas …

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