Tense Grammars Flashcards
Will be
- All and Whole
I will be studying english all next week - at this time
- Specific time in the future
Some notes about future
- be + to =
he is to visit us tomorrow - be about to =
he is about to go crazy
similar examples: on/on the edge of/at the point of/on the verge of + ing - be due + to
are you duo to fix your life?
قرار است؟
weren’t you due to sleep? - sure/bound/certain + to + v
- be meant/supposed/intended
passive voice
کننده کار را نمیدانیم و عمل انجام شده از ضمیر آن مهم تر است
1_ am/is/are/was/were + pp
2_ to be + being + pp
3_ have/has + been + pp
- don’t like / remember = being
i don’t like being called stupid
- require/need/want = ing / to be
he broke the window. the window needs fixing / to be fixed.
When, before, as soon as
When, before, as soon as etc. = present perfect/simple
NOT WILL
note for present perfect and simple past
present perfect + since + simple past
i have gone from there since she left
past perfect continious
the past perfect continuous indicates something that began in the past, continued in the past, and also ended at a defined point in the past
present perfect signs
- during the…. / last
- recently
- ever, never.
- already, just, not … yet.
- so far, until now, up to now …
- for, since (often with stative verbs)
- How long
Future Perfect
to talk about something that will be completed before a specific time in the future.
یه چیزی توی آینده انجام میشه و همون موقع هم تموم میشه.
By / By the time
When we arrive in Los Angeles, we’ll need to rest, because we have driven about 800 miles.
We use future perfect because are talking about an action that will be completed before a future time.
Present Perfect Vs Past Perfect
- State of Action
present perfect focuses on events that recently started or started in the past but are still ongoing in the present.
Past perfect centers around actions that are set and done in the past.
She had gone to New York
it’s already finished
She has gone to New York.
probably started a while ago and is still ongoing.
- Past Actions
Present perfect talks about past actions that recently finished, and we are still seeing their results and consequences
Past Perfect is about two past actions that happened in order. It simply shows the order of events.
I can’t call Gina. I have lost my phone.
I had called my mother before I cooked dinner.
- Frequent Actions
When we want to talk about these repeated actions, we use present perfect.
She has attacked him multiple times
.
Here, we are referring to an action that as happened multiple times and might happen again.
- Reported Speech
We use the past perfect tense in reported speech. We can use it after verbs such as told, asked, and said.
He said he had left his work.
- Future Actions
We can use** present perfect** to talk about the future. In this case, we add clauses like before, after, until etc to the sentence.
He will keep digging until he has found the treasure.
Present Perfect continuous
1) for. This gives a period of time.
2) since. This gives a starting point.
3) this week / month / year / today / all day. These expressions can be used for periods of time that are not finished.
3) recently. This started not long ago.
as soon as
Simple present
Perfect present
