Chapter 4

Question 1

Direct Speech

Answer 1

Tom said “i’ve just arrived” =
“I’ve arrived” Tom said.
———
Say = غالبا برای انسان استفاده نمیشود یا همرا با توو استفاده میشود
Tell = برای انسان استفاده میشود
he told me that….
he said to me that….

Question 2

Direct to indirect

Answer 2

برای تبدیل نقل قور مستقیم به غیر مستقیم، اگر فعل زمان گذشته بود باید آن را به گذشته تفییر دهیم.
she said “i don’t care”
she said that she didn’t care.
Can=could
may=might
————-
wish, it is time, = خودشون گذشته میشن
PG 91 For more.
——–
must
اگر به معنی اجبار در زمان آینده باشد باید به وود تو تغییر کند
she said “they must fix it tommorrow”
she said that they would have to fix it tommorrow

Question 3

indirect speech for questions

Answer 3

• اگر با وی اچ شروع شده باشد:
  She asked me “where have you been?”
  she asked me where i had been.
• اگر سوال ساده باشد:
  She told me “can you swim?”
  she told me whether/if i could swim.
  ———-
  say for direct, can be converted to “wonder, want to know, ask, inquire” for indirect. (question sentences)
  he said “where have you been?”
  he wondered where i have been.
  ———-
  ما در تبدیل همان نکات نقل قول خبری را رعایت میکنیم
  ——-
  NO “*THAT” *IN QUESTIONS

Question 4

indirect for imperatives

Answer 4

affirmative:
she said “lie down tom”
she told tom to lie down
negative:
she said “don’t lie down tom”
she told tom not to lie down.
برای غیر مستقیم امری میتوان از افعال زیر استفاده کرد:
tell, ask, order, command, warn, beg

THEY HAVE TO OR NOT TO

Question 5

indirect for Requests, commands, and advices

Answer 5

PG 96 For verbs.
“will you please shut up?” she said.
she ordered me to shut up.
—–
offer, promise (with to)
he said “i’ll wash the dishes”
he offered to wash the dishes.
———-
“let’s go out” she said.
she suggested going out.