Chapter 2 Auxiliary Flashcards
Could/Able to
- could is always used for stative verbs such as hear, see etc.
- could = general
- able to = specific
نکته درباره
can
و حال کامل
فعل
can
حال کامل ندارد و فقط از
able to
استفاده میشود
i haven’t been able to sleep for two months.
might/may
both are the same but might has less possibility.
!- We only use might if we have second conditional sentence:
if you asked her out, she might accept it.
اگر ازش درخواست میکردی شاید قبول میکرد
شاید در گذشته انجام شده باشد = may/might have
!!!- میخواست انجام بشه ولی نشد
Only might have.
he might have been stolen you bad guy.
can, could, may, will, would
- درخواست انجام کاری
- تقاضای چیزی را کردن فقط با
could/may/can
may i have your book?
اجازه گرفتن از همین بالایی ها
اجازه دادن = can, may
you can/may smoke if you want to. - suggesting and stuff = may, can
may i help you ma’am? - دعوت کردن = would
would you like to go to the party?
Have to & must
- Must is for future and present, while Have to doesn’t have a specific time and we can use it regardless of time.
- Must not : نباید این کارو کنی
- Have not: لازم نیست این کارو کنی
Have to provide an outside must. - have got to = have to
i’ve got to work tomorrow = i have to work tomorrow - have got = have
Must = استنباط منطقی وقوع عملی در حال
Should / Ought to
انتظار داریم در آینده عملی انجام شود
he is been exercising for ages. he should/ought to have a good physic.
ought to, ought not to
Used to Vs Would
Used to
وضعیت ها و حالاتی که در گذشته وجود داشت و دیگر وجود ندارد هم میتواند دلالت داشته باشد
Would
این قابلیت را ندارد
یوزد تو تمام قابلیت های ود را دارد
Dare
خود فعل باشد:
They Dared him not move
Without to
با کمک فعل های کمکی باشد:
He didn’t dare to move.
With To
Daren’t is for everyone.
Supposed to
باید یا مورد انتظار است کاری انجام شود
Some Notes About Question Tags
- If it starts with there it must end with there.
There isn’t any good game, is there? - starts with this/that or these/those = it and they
- something, anything, nothing = it……nobody,everybody etc. = they
- جمله امری و منقی= will you
- won’t you: جمله امری مثبت - hardly, never, no body, neither قید منفی ساز etc. = مثبت
- بعد از همپایه ساز
fanboys:
for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. - when, even though and conjunctive adverb, are uselesss
Need
i needn’t do that.
need i tell tom?
I NEED TO DO THAT
You needn’t have done that.
SHOULD HAVE Vs COULDN’T HAVE Vs MUST HAVE
Vs MIGHT HAVE
- Should & Ought have :
AMA = Advices, Apologies, Past Mistakes
- You should have gone there straight away.
- I was so worried about you. You should have called!
- I’m sorry that I’m late for work. I should have woken up earlier. - Must Have: When something certainly happened (certainty) OR Based on evidences
- You must have been tired. - Could Have:
Guess about the past, something could have happened but it didn’t, When something seems to be impossible.
- I could have lost the keys in the pub.
- You could have broken your leg! - Might/May have:
To make an assumption/guess about the past. just like could have
