Tendons and Ligaments

Question 1

What connects muscle to bone

Answer 1

Tendon

Question 2

What connects bone to bone

Answer 2

Ligament

Question 3

Structure of tendon

Answer 3

Tendon - fasicle - fibril - sub-fibril - microfibril - tropocollagen

Question 4

Parallel bundles of collagen

Answer 4

Tendon

Question 5

Nearly parallel bundles of collagen

Answer 5

Ligament

Question 6

Functional cell

Answer 6

Fibroblast

Question 7

Alternate name for cells in tendons

Answer 7

Tenocytes

Question 8

Passive restraints

Answer 8

Ligaments

Question 9

Active restraints

Answer 9

Tendons

Question 10

Percent composition

Answer 10

20% fibroblasts, 80% ECM

Question 11

What 2 types of collagen are most prevalent in T&L?

Answer 11

Type I and III

Question 12

Tendons have more type ___ collagen than ligaments

Answer 12

I

Question 13

Ligaments have more type ___ collagen than tendons

Answer 13

III

Question 14

Ligaments have a ___ percentage of PGs and water than tendons

Answer 14

Higher

Question 15

Ligaments have ___ organized collagen fibers

Answer 15

Less

Question 16

Ligaments have ___ but ___ fibroblasts

Answer 16

Rounded; scattered

Question 17

Increased waviness under microscope

Answer 17

Ligaments

Question 18

Consists of 3 alpha chains in a helix

Answer 18

Tropocollagen (basic unit of collagen)

Question 19

Toe region in stress-strain curve is caused by

Answer 19

Collagen relaxes and not all fibers are the same length

Question 20

Ligaments have a ___ toe region than tendons

Answer 20

Longer

Question 21

Tendons have a ___ failure stress than ligaments

Answer 21

Higher

Question 22

As x-section increases,

Answer 22

Stiffness and force increase

Question 23

As length increases,

Answer 23

Stiffness decreases and extension increases

Question 24

As the strain rate increases,

Answer 24

Stiffness/toughness/extension increase

Question 25

With aging,

Answer 25

Number and quality of collagen crosslinks decreases

Question 26

Stage 1 of healing process

Answer 26

Inflammatory; formation of randomly organized healing matrix

Question 27

Stage 2 of healing process

Answer 27

Proliferative; collagen in a healing matrix becomes more oranized

Question 28

Stage 3 of the healing process

Answer 28

Remodeling/maturation; collagen matures

Question 29

RICE treatment

Answer 29

Rest, ice, compress, elevate

Question 30

Grades of injury

Answer 30

I: low severity, II: partial severity, III: complete rupture and surgery required

Question 31

Ipsilateral bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft

Answer 31

Low risk of rejection, increased OA at 7 years post-op, lower failure rate