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Biomechanics > Tendons and Ligaments > Flashcards

Tendons and Ligaments Flashcards

1
Q

What connects muscle to bone

A

Tendon

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2
Q

What connects bone to bone

A

Ligament

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3
Q

Structure of tendon

A

Tendon - fasicle - fibril - sub-fibril - microfibril - tropocollagen

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4
Q

Parallel bundles of collagen

A

Tendon

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5
Q

Nearly parallel bundles of collagen

A

Ligament

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6
Q

Functional cell

A

Fibroblast

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7
Q

Alternate name for cells in tendons

A

Tenocytes

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8
Q

Passive restraints

A

Ligaments

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9
Q

Active restraints

A

Tendons

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10
Q

Percent composition

A

20% fibroblasts, 80% ECM

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11
Q

What 2 types of collagen are most prevalent in T&L?

A

Type I and III

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12
Q

Tendons have more type ___ collagen than ligaments

A

I

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13
Q

Ligaments have more type ___ collagen than tendons

A

III

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14
Q

Ligaments have a ___ percentage of PGs and water than tendons

A

Higher

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15
Q

Ligaments have ___ organized collagen fibers

A

Less

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16
Q

Ligaments have ___ but ___ fibroblasts

A

Rounded; scattered

17
Q

Increased waviness under microscope

A

Ligaments

18
Q

Consists of 3 alpha chains in a helix

A

Tropocollagen (basic unit of collagen)

19
Q

Toe region in stress-strain curve is caused by

A

Collagen relaxes and not all fibers are the same length

20
Q

Ligaments have a ___ toe region than tendons

A

Longer

21
Q

Tendons have a ___ failure stress than ligaments

A

Higher

22
Q

As x-section increases,

A

Stiffness and force increase

23
Q

As length increases,

A

Stiffness decreases and extension increases

24
Q

As the strain rate increases,

A

Stiffness/toughness/extension increase

25
Q

With aging,

A

Number and quality of collagen crosslinks decreases

26
Q

Stage 1 of healing process

A

Inflammatory; formation of randomly organized healing matrix

27
Q

Stage 2 of healing process

A

Proliferative; collagen in a healing matrix becomes more oranized

28
Q

Stage 3 of the healing process

A

Remodeling/maturation; collagen matures

29
Q

RICE treatment

A

Rest, ice, compress, elevate

30
Q

Grades of injury

A

I: low severity, II: partial severity, III: complete rupture and surgery required

31
Q

Ipsilateral bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft

A

Low risk of rejection, increased OA at 7 years post-op, lower failure rate

Biomechanics (9 decks)

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