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ESA 4 - Head and Neck > Temporomandibular Joint > Flashcards

Temporomandibular Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What is the temporomandibular joint?

A

A modified synovial joint between the cranium and the mandible

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2
Q

What are the articulations of the temporomandibular joint?

A
  • Condyle of the mandible
  • Articular tubercle of temporal bone
  • Mandibular fossa
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3
Q

What does the articular disc of the TMJ do?

A

Divides the TMJ into superior and inferior compartments

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4
Q

Describe the joint capsule of the TMJ?

A

Relatively loose

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5
Q

What is the result of the joint capsule of the TMJ being relatively loose?

A

It sacrifices stability for movement

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6
Q

What ligaments support the TMJ?

A
  • Lateral ligament
  • Stylomandibular ligament
  • Sphenomandibular ligament
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7
Q

What is the most important of the TMJ ligaments?

A

Lateral ligament

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8
Q

What is the lateral ligament of the TMJ also known as?

A

The temporomandibular ligament

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9
Q

Where is the lateral ligament of the TMJ?

A

Between the temporal bone and the mandible

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10
Q

Where does the stylomandibular ligament run?

A

From styloid process to behind angle of mandible

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11
Q

Where does the sphenomandibular ligament run?

A

Sphenoid bone to internal surface of mandible

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12
Q

What muscles are responsible for elevation of the TMJ?

A
  • Anterior fibres of temporal
  • Masseter
  • Medial pterygoid
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13
Q

What muscles are responsible for depression of the mandible?

A
  • Lateral pterygoid
  • Supra/infra-hyoid
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14
Q

What is depression of the mandible mostly done by?

A

Gravity

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15
Q

When are muscles required for depression of the mandible?

A

When against resistance

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16
Q

What muscle is responsible for protrusion of the mandible?

A

Mainly lateral pterygoid

17
Q

What muscle is responsible for retrusion of the mandible?

A

Posterior fibres of temporal

18
Q

What muscles are responsbile for lateral movements of the mandible?

A
  • Temporal on same side
  • Pterygoids of the opposite side
  • Masseter
19
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A
  • Temporalis
  • Masseter
  • Pterygoids
20
Q

What are the muscles of mastication supplied by?

A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

21
Q

What causes a TMJ dislocation?

A

Commonly a sideways blow to the chin when the mouth is open, whcih causes an anterior dislocation of the same side

22
Q

What happens in a TMJ dislocation?

A

Head of mandible moves anteriorly to the articular tubercle

23
Q

What needs to be checked for when someone presents with a TMJ dislocation?

A

Fracture on the opposite side of the jaw

24
Q

How is a TMJ dislocation managed?

A

Inferior and posterior traction to relocate

25
Q

Where is pain around the TMJ felt?

A

Just anterior to the tragus

26
Q

What nerve supplies the TMJ?

A

The auriciulotemporal nerve, a branch of TMJ

27
Q

What must a doctor be aware of as a differential diagnosis when a patient presents with pain around the TMJ?

A

Temporal arteritis

28
Q

What is the risk of missing a diagnosis of temporal arteritis?

A

Loosing patients sight

29
Q

What can cause pain around the TMJ?

A
  • Bruxism (teeth grinding)
  • Osteoarthritis of the TMJ
  • Inter-articular disc derangement
30
Q

What is the likely route of management when there is inter-articular disc derangement?

A

Surgery to get the abnormality fixed

31
Q

What % of cases of pain around the TMJ are multifactoral?

A

80%

32
Q

What factors contribute to a condition causing pain around the TMJ?

A
  • Anatomical
  • Psychological
  • Social
33
Q

What psychological factors contribute to a condition causing pain around the TMJ?

A

Anxiety

34
Q

What social factors contribute to a condition causing pain around the TMJ?

A
  • Alcohol
  • Smoking
  • Sleep disorders

ESA 4 - Head and Neck (30 decks)

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