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ESA 4 - Head and Neck > Hyoid Muscles > Flashcards

Hyoid Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the categories of hyoid muscles?

A
  • Infrahyoid
  • Suprahyoid
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2
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

A

A group of four muscles that are located inferiorly to the hyoid bone in the neck

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3
Q

What can the infrahyoid muscles be divided into?

A

Two groups - superficial plane and deep plane

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4
Q

What are the muscles of the superficial plane of infrahyoid muscles?

A
  • Omohyoid
  • Sternohyoid
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5
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles of the deep plane?

A
  • Sternothyroid
  • Thyrohyoid
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6
Q

What is the arterial supply to the infrahyoid muscles via?

A

The superior and inferior thyroid arteries

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7
Q

What is the omohyoid comprised of?

A

Two muscle bellies

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8
Q

What connects the muscle bellies of the omohyoid?

A

A muscular tendion

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9
Q

What is the origin of the omohyoid muscle?

A

Inferior belly arises from scapula

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10
Q

Where does the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle run?

A

Superomedially underneath the sternocleidomastoid, and then attaches to superior belly

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11
Q

How does the inferior belly of the omohyoid attach to the superior belly?

A

By an intermediate tendon

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12
Q

What is the superior belly of the omohyoid anchored to?

A

The clavicle

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13
Q

How is the superior belly of the omohyoid anchored to the clavicle?

A

By deep cervical fascia

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14
Q

What happens to the superior belly after it attaches to the inferior belly?

A

It ascends to attach to the hyoid bone

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15
Q

What are the actions of the omohyoid?

A

Depresses the hyoid bone

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16
Q

What is the innervation of the omohyoid?

A

Anterior rami of C1-C3, carried by a branch of the ansa cervicalis

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17
Q

What is the origin of the sternohyoid?

A

Sternum and sternoclavicular joint

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18
Q

What does the sternohyoid attach?

A

Hyoid bone

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19
Q

What is the action of the sternohyoid?

A

Depresses hyoid bone

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20
Q

What is the innervation of the sternohyoid?

A

Anterior rami of C1-C2, carried by branch of ansa cervicalis

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21
Q

How does the sternothyroid compare to the sternohyoid?

A

It is wider and deeper

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22
Q

What is the origin of the sternothyroid?

A

Manubrium of sternum

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23
Q

What is the attachment of the sternothyroid?

A

Thyroid cartilage

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24
Q

What is the action of the sternothyroid?

A

Depresses the thyroid cartilage

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25
Q

What is the innervation of the sternothyroid?

A

Anterior rami of C1-C3, carried by a branch of the ansa cervicalis

26
Q

What is the thryohyoid?

A

A short band of muscle, thought to be a continuation of the sternothyroid muscle

27
Q

What is the origin of the thyrohyoid?

A

Thyroid cartilage of larynx

28
Q

What is the attachment of the thyrohyoid?

A

Hyoid bone

29
Q

What is the action of the thyrohyoid?

A

Depresses the hyoid. If the hyoid bone is fixed, it can elevate the larynx

30
Q

What is the innervation of the thyrohyoid?

A

Anterior ramus of C1, carried within the hypoglossal nerve

31
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A

A group of four muscles located superiorly to the hyoid bone in the neck

32
Q

What is the action of the suprahyoid muscles?

A

Elevate the hyoid bone

33
Q

What is the elevation of the hyoid bone involved in?

A

Swallowing

34
Q

What is the arterial supply to the suprahyoid muscles?

A

Via branches of the facial artery, occipital artery, and ligual artery

35
Q

What are the names of the suprahyoid muscles?

A
  • Stylohyoid
  • Digastric
  • Mylohyoid
  • Geniohyoid
36
Q

Describe the shape of the stylohyoid?

A

Thin muscular strip

37
Q

Where is the stylohyoid muscle located?

A

In the posterior belly of the digastric muscle

38
Q

What is the origin of the stylohyoid muscle?

A

Styloid process of temporal bone

39
Q

What is the attachment of the stylohyoid muscle?

A

Lateral aspect of hyoid bone

40
Q

What is the action of the stylohyoid muscle?

A

Initiates a swallowing action by pulling the hyoid bone in a posterior and superior direction

41
Q

What is the innervation of the stylohyoid?

A

The stylohyoid branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

42
Q

Where does the stylohyoid branch of the facial nerve arise?

A

Proximally to the parotid gland

43
Q

What is the digastric comprised of?

A

Two muscular bellies connected by a tendon

44
Q

What is the origin of the digastric?

A
  • Anterior belly from digastric fossa of mandible
  • Posterior belly from mastoid process of temporal bone
45
Q

Where does the intermediate tendon connecting the two bellies of the digastric attach?

A

To the hyoid bone, via a fibrous sling

46
Q

What are the actions of the digastric?

A

Depresses the mandible and elevates hyoid bone

47
Q

What is the innervation of the anterior belly of the digastric?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve

48
Q

What is the inferior alveolar nerve a branch of?

A

The mandibular nerve, which is derived from the trigeminal nerve

49
Q

What is the posterior belly of the digastric innervated by?

A

The digastric branch of the facial nerve

50
Q

What shape is the mylohyoid?

A

Broad, triangular

51
Q

What does the mylohyoid form?

A

The floor of the oral cavity

52
Q

What is the origin of the mylohyoid?

A

Mylohyoid line of mandible

53
Q

What is the attachment of the mylohyoid?

A

Hyoid bone

54
Q

What are the actions of the mylohyoid?

A

Elevates the hyoid bone and floor of mouth

55
Q

What is the innervation of the mylohyoid?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve

56
Q

Where is the geniohyoid located?

A

Close to the midline of the neck, deep to the mylohyoid muscle

57
Q

What is the origin of the geniohyoid?

A

Inferior mental spine of mandible

58
Q

What is the attachment of the geniohyoid?

A

Hyoid bone

59
Q

What is the action of the geniohyoid?

A

Depresses mandible and elevates hyoid bone

60
Q

What is the innervation of the geniohyoid?

A

C1 nerve roots that run with the hypoglossal nerve

ESA 4 - Head and Neck (30 decks)

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