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anatomy - neuro > Temple, infratemporal fossa, TMJ and submandibular gland > Flashcards

Temple, infratemporal fossa, TMJ and submandibular gland Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main divisions of the mandible?

A
  • the body
  • the ramus
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2
Q

what is the point at which the ramus and body** join** on the mandible?

A

the** angle** of the mandible

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3
Q

what are the 2 subparts of the body of the mandible?

A
  • the base - forms the lower portion of the mandible
  • the alveolar part holds the lower teeth
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4
Q

Whar is the TMJ?

function, location etc

A
  • the** temporomandibular joint** connects the skull to the mandible
  • located between the mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of the temporal bone &** condylar process of the mandible **
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5
Q

what are the digastric fossae of the mandible?

A

the** attachment sites **for the left and right anterior bellies of digastric muscles

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6
Q

what kind of joint is the TMJ?

A

atypical synovial type of joint

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7
Q

what are the mental foramina of the mandible?

A
  • foramina located halfway between the base and alveolar part of mandible
  • they form the opening of the mandibular canal which transports the inferior alveolar nerve & vessels
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8
Q

what are the mandibular condyles?

A

part of mandible that allows it to articulate with temporal bone via TMJ

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9
Q

what is the function of the articular disc in the TMJ?

A
  • divides the joint into 2 anatomically and functionally seperate compartments - superior and inferior compartment and each compartment is lined by its own synovial membrane
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10
Q

Describe the** superior compartment** of the TMJ?

A
  • this compartment is bordered superiorly by the manidbular fossa of temporal bone and inferiorly by the articular disc
  • responsible for translational movement (ie retraction and protrusion) of the joint
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11
Q

Describe the inferior compartment of the TMJ - describe boundaries and what movement it allows

A
  • bounded superiorly by the articular disc and inferiorly by the condyle of the mandible
  • allows rotational movement of the joint
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12
Q

what are the 2 extrinsic ligaments of the TMJ?

A
  • stylomandibular (runs from styloid process to mandible)
  • sphenomandibular (runs from sphenoid to mandible)
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13
Q

what are the 4 muscles of mastication?

A
  1. the temporalis muscle
  2. the masseter muscle
  3. the medial pterygoid muscle
  4. the lateral pterygoid muscle
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14
Q

Describe the masseter muscle

A
  • rectangular in shape
  • seperated into 2 layers - known as the superficial and deep layers
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15
Q

Describe the superficial layer of the masseter muscle

ie where it originates from and where it attaches

A
  • originates from the maxillary process of the zygomatic bone and the anterior 2/3 of the zygomatic arch
  • muscle inserts itself onto the lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible
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16
Q

Describe the **deep layer **of the masseter muscle

ie where it originates from and where it attaches

A
  • this part originates from the deep or interior surface of the posterior of the third zygomatic arch
  • much larger muscle layer than the superficial (not seen in pic)
  • inserts along the lateral surface of the ramus
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17
Q

what branch of the mandibular nerve (V3) innervates the masseter muscle?

A

the masseteric nerve

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18
Q

what is the function of the masseter muscle?

A
  • elevates/ draws up the mandible
  • ie helps to close mandible so you can chew food
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19
Q

Describe the temporalis muscle

A
  • muscle located on the lateral side of the skull
  • covers a large part of the temporal bone
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20
Q

Where does the temporalis muscle originate from and where does it run too?

A
  • originates from the** temporal fossa**
  • temporalis descends through gap between zygomatic arch and the skull forming a thick tendon which **inserts into the coronoid process of the mandible **
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21
Q

what branches of the mandibular nerve (V3) is the temporalis innervated by?

A

the anterior and posterior deep temporal branches of the mandibular nerve (V3)

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22
Q

what is the temporal fossa?

A

a shallow depression on the lateral part of the skull

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23
Q

what is the function of the temporalis muscle?

A

elevates and retracts (pulls it backwards)
* ONLY MUSCLE THAT PERFORMS RETRACTION OF MANDIBLE

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24
Q

what are the boundaries of the temporal fossa?

A

-superior temporal line
-zygoma
-zygomatic arch

25
Q

what are the two heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

A
  1. upper head
  2. lower head
26
Q

what are the contents of the temporal fossa (muscles, nerves & arteries)?

A

-temporalis muscle
-deep temporal nerve (Vc)
-deep temporal arteries

27
Q

where does the upper head of the lateral pterygoid muscle originate from?

A

**greater wing **of sphenoid bone

28
Q

where does the **lower head **of the lateral pterygoid muscle originate from?

A

lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone

29
Q

where do the heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle** insert onto**?

A

the heads fuse onto the pterygoid fossa of the mandibular condyle

30
Q

what branches of the mandibular nerve innervate the lateral pterygoid muscle?

A

lateral pterygoid nerves

31
Q

what functions does the lateral pterygoid muscle have?

A
  • protruding mandible - ie sticking it out
  • depression of mandible - moving it downwards
  • upper head inserted into the TMJ capsule - therefore it** pulls the articular disc anteriorly **
  • can also cause **side to side movements **of mandible
32
Q

like the masseter muscle, what are the 2 layers of the medial pterygoud muscle?

A

the superficial and deep layer

33
Q

where does the deep head of the medial pterygoid muscle arise/originate from?

A

the medial surface of the lateral plate of the** pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone**

34
Q

where does the** superficial head **of the medial pterygoid muscle originate from?

A

the maxillary tuberosity (located just beneath wisdom teeth)

35
Q

where do the** superficial and deep heads** of the medial pterygoid muscle join?

A
  • medial aspect of the angle of the **mandible **
36
Q

what is the function of the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

elevation of the mandible so you can close teeth and chew

37
Q

what branch of the mandibular nerve innervates the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

medial pterygoid nerve

38
Q

what** type of nerve** is the trigeminal nerve?

A

mixed nerve - ie has both motor and sensory functions

39
Q

what **motor functions **does the trigeminal nerve have?

what different muscles ?

A
  • innervates the** muscles of mastication**
  • innervates the** mylohyoid muscle** (1of the 4 suprahyoid muscle )
  • innervates the** anterior belly of the digastric muscle **
  • innervates the** tensor tympani muscles** (muscle within middle ear)
40
Q

what sensory functions does the trigeminal nerve have?

A

provides sensory functions to the
* scalp
* face
* orbit
* paranasal sinuses
* anterior 2/3 of tongue

41
Q

what are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

IE MOM

A
  1. ophthalamic nerve (V1)
  2. maxillary nerve (v2)
  3. mandibular nerve (v3)
42
Q

where is the ganglion of the trigeminal nerve located?

A
  • located in Meckel’s cave (near petrous part of temporal bone) within the middle cranial fossa
43
Q

what are the branches of the ophthalamic nerve ?

A
  • frontal nerve
  • lacrimal nerve
  • nasocillary nerve
44
Q

what does the frontal nerve (branch of ophthalamic nerve) branch into?

A

the **supraorbital **nerve and supratrochlear nerve

45
Q

where does the supraorbital nerve pass through ?

A

the supraorbital foramen

46
Q

through which fissure, does the opthalamic nerve exit the cranial cavity?

A

the superior orbital fissure

47
Q

through which foramen does the maxillary nerve exit the cranial cavity?

A

foramen rotundum (opening in the greater wing of sphenoid bone)

48
Q

through which** foramen** does the **mandibular nerve **exit the cranial cavity?

A

formane ovale (middle bigger hole located on greater wing of sphenoid bone)

49
Q

what branche of the maxillary nerve (V2) supplies the buccal (cheek) region of face and jaw?

A

the infraorbital nerve - runs through the cranium to supply the gums,pulp, mucosa and PDL of teeth

50
Q

what 2 branches come off the infraorbital nerve (branch of V2)

A
  • anterior superior alveolar nerve
  • middle superior alveolar nerve
51
Q

after the infraorbital gives off the 2 branches (ASAN and MAAN), where does it exit?

A

it exits through the infraorbital foramen

52
Q

what 3 branches of the maxillary nerve supply the lingal region of the face and jaw?

A
  1. **lesser palatine nerve **- soft palate
  2. greater palatine nerve - gums, teeth (3-8)and mucosa of hard palate .. not PULP
  3. nasopalatine nerve - gums, teeth (1-3) of hard palate .. not pulp
53
Q

what 2 branches of the mandibular nerve (V3) supply the** lingual region** of the face and jaw?

A

* lingual nerve - runs on lingual surface of mandible
* inferior alveolar nerve - goes through mandibular foramen and canal

54
Q

**

Describe the 2 branches of the mandibular nerve (V3) supply the** buccal region **of the face and jaw?

A
  1. inferior alveolar nerve - enters mandibular foramen and** travels through mandibular canal** - exits mental foramen where it branches into the **mental nerve **
  2. buccal nerve - runs across retromolar space (space beside 3rd molar) to supply cheek, gums, oral mucosa, PDL etc
55
Q

What is the chorda tympani nerve?

side note - to do with tongue

A

a branch of the facial nerve that provides TASTE SENSATION to the tongue

56
Q

what is the infra temporal fossa?

A

a depression or hollow of the skull located inferior & lateral to the temporal fossa

57
Q

what are the boundaries of the infra temporal fossa?

A

-laterally - ramus of mandible
-medially - lateral pterygoid plate
-anterior - maxilla
-posterior - carotid sheath
-roof - greater wing of sphenoid bone

58
Q

what are the contents of the infra temporal fossa?

A

-lateral pterygoid muscle
-medial pterygoid muscle
-mandibular nevre
-maxillary artery
-pterygoid venous plexus

59
Q

what is the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

a depression in the skull located deep to the infra temporal fossa and posterior to the maxilla

anatomy - neuro (28 decks)

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