L5 carotid sheath and blood supply to head Flashcards
(recap) what are the contents of the carotid triangle?
- internal jugular vein
- carotid artery
- vagus nerve (CN X)
- hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
what is farabeuf’s triangle? (ie where is it located and** what boundaries** does it contain?)
- a smaller triangle located within the carotid triangle
- the boundaries include internal jugular vein, common facial vein (CFV) & hypoglossal nerve (HN)
what is the carotid sheath?
- **fibrous connective tissue **
- surrounds the** vascular compartments of the neck**
- part of the deep cervical fascia of neck
what are the contents of the carotid sheath?
* internal jugular vein
* vagus nerve
* **carotid artery **
* carotid sinus nerve
* sympathetic nerve fibres
* deep cervical lymph nodes
* ansa cervicalis (loop of nerves)
what does the carotid artery split into?
the** internal and external** carotid arteries
what is anastomosis?
communication between neighbouring blood vessels
ie the branches of an artery are connected to the branches of another neighbouring artery
what are the branches of the arch of aorta?
- brachiocephalic trunk
- left common carotid artery
- left** subclavian artery**
note - common carotid artery & subcalvian are paired - one on each side
what does the brachiocephalic trunk divide into?
the right carotid artery and right subclavian artery
compare where the right and left subclavian artery arise from
- the right subclavian artery arises from the brachiocephalic trunk
- the left subclavian artery arises from the aortic arch
**At what location **does the common carotid artery split into the internal and external carotid artery?
the 4th cervical vertabrae
How does the subclavian artery supply the CNS?
- it supplies the CNS through one of its main branches - the vertebral artery
what foramen does the vertebral artery ascend through?
the foramen of the vertebral column
what do both vertebral arteries join together to form?
the basilar artery
see in yellow
what do both vertebral arteries join together to form?
the basilar artery
What regions does the external carotid artery supply?
- parts of the neck
- the external structure of the face
what are the branches of the external carotid artery?
Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students
- Superior thyroid artery
- Ascending pharyngeal artery
- Lingual artery
- Facial artery
- Occipital artery
- Posterior auricular
- Maxillary
- Superficial temporal
what are the 2 terminal branches of the external common carotid artery?
SM - Sarah mullins
- **maxillary **artery
- superficial temporal artery
what is an important branch of the maxillary artery and what does it supply?
- the middle meningeal artery
- supplies the skull and dura mater
what may occur if the middle mengigeal artery is damaged?
- extradural haemorrhage
- bleed between the skull and dura
does the internal carotid artery have any branches in the neck?
NO
* no branches in the neck, only begins to branch in the cranial cavity
What does the** internal carotid artery supply**?
- anterior part of brain
- orbit - eye and nose
- scalp
what 2 important things does the internal carotid artery contain?
hint : sensory receptors NB
- carotid sinus - baroreceptors - NB - sense BP
- carotid body - chemoreceptors
What are the branches of the internal carotid artery?
AVIP’SCOMMA
- Anterior choroidal artery
- Vidian artery
- Inferolateral trunk
- Posterior communicating artery
- Superior** hypophyseal** artery
- Caroticotympanic artery
- **Ophthalmic **artery
-
Meningohypophyseal trunk
*** Middle **cerebral artery
* Anterior cerebral artery
what is** carotid stenosis**?
narrowing of the blood vessels (carotid arteries) in the neck - restricting blood flow to head and neck
what are the 2 types of veins?
-
superficial veins - no corresponding arteries
2**. deep **veins - have **corresponding arteries **
what are the (2) superficial veins of the** head and neck**?
- external jugular vein
- anterior jugular vein
Describe the external jugular vein
- lies superficially to the SCM muscle
- passes down neck and drains into the subclavian vein
what does the external jugular vein drain from?
- outside of skull
- deep parts of face
Describe the anterior jugular vein
- descends close to the midline of the neck, medial to SCM muscle
- drains blood into the external jugular vein or the subclvian vein
Where do the 2 anterior jugular veins communicate?
- they communicate at the jugular arch
Describe the interior jugular vein (ie deep vein)
- drains from **head, neck, brain, face and neck **
- joins the subclavian vein which becomes the brachiocephalic vein
what ‘union’ is the superior vena cava formed by?
- it is formed by the union of the right and left brachiocephalic veins
what ‘union; is the brachiocephalic veins formed by?
- internal jugular vein and subclavian vein
What is** internal jugular central venous catheterisation**?
- a catheter placed into a large vein - might be for chemotherapy or plasma exchange etc
