L5 carotid sheath and blood supply to head

Question 1

(recap) what are the contents of the carotid triangle?

Answer 1

• internal jugular vein
• carotid artery
• vagus nerve (CN X)
• hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Question 2

what is farabeuf’s triangle? (ie where is it located and** what boundaries** does it contain?)

Answer 2

• a smaller triangle located within the carotid triangle
• the boundaries include internal jugular vein, common facial vein (CFV) & hypoglossal nerve (HN)

Question 3

what is the carotid sheath?

Answer 3

• **fibrous connective tissue **
• surrounds the** vascular compartments of the neck**
• part of the deep cervical fascia of neck

Question 4

what are the contents of the carotid sheath?

Answer 4

* internal jugular vein
* vagus nerve
* **carotid artery **
* carotid sinus nerve
* sympathetic nerve fibres
* deep cervical lymph nodes
* ansa cervicalis (loop of nerves)

Question 5

what does the carotid artery split into?

Answer 5

the** internal and external** carotid arteries

Question 6

what is anastomosis?

Answer 6

communication between neighbouring blood vessels
ie the branches of an artery are connected to the branches of another neighbouring artery

Question 7

what are the branches of the arch of aorta?

Answer 7

1. brachiocephalic trunk
2. left common carotid artery
3. left** subclavian artery**

note - common carotid artery & subcalvian are paired - one on each side

Question 8

what does the brachiocephalic trunk divide into?

Answer 8

the right carotid artery and right subclavian artery

Question 9

compare where the right and left subclavian artery arise from

Answer 9

• the right subclavian artery arises from the brachiocephalic trunk
• the left subclavian artery arises from the aortic arch

Question 10

**At what location **does the common carotid artery split into the internal and external carotid artery?

Answer 10

the 4th cervical vertabrae

Question 11

How does the subclavian artery supply the CNS?

Answer 11

• it supplies the CNS through one of its main branches - the vertebral artery

Question 12

what foramen does the vertebral artery ascend through?

Answer 12

the foramen of the vertebral column

Question 13

what do both vertebral arteries join together to form?

Answer 13

the basilar artery

see in yellow

Question 14

what do both vertebral arteries join together to form?

Answer 14

the basilar artery

Question 15

What regions does the external carotid artery supply?

Answer 15

• parts of the neck
• the external structure of the face

Question 16

what are the branches of the external carotid artery?

Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students

Answer 16

• Superior thyroid artery
• Ascending pharyngeal artery
• Lingual artery
• Facial artery
• Occipital artery
• Posterior auricular
• Maxillary
• Superficial temporal

Question 17

what are the 2 terminal branches of the external common carotid artery?

SM - Sarah mullins

Answer 17

• **maxillary **artery
• superficial temporal artery

Question 18

what is an important branch of the maxillary artery and what does it supply?

Answer 18

• the middle meningeal artery
• supplies the skull and dura mater

Question 19

what may occur if the middle mengigeal artery is damaged?

Answer 19

• extradural haemorrhage
• bleed between the skull and dura

Question 20

does the internal carotid artery have any branches in the neck?

Answer 20

NO
* no branches in the neck, only begins to branch in the cranial cavity

Question 21

What does the** internal carotid artery supply**?

Answer 21

• anterior part of brain
• orbit - eye and nose
• scalp

Question 22

what 2 important things does the internal carotid artery contain?

hint : sensory receptors NB

Answer 22

• carotid sinus - baroreceptors - NB - sense BP
• carotid body - chemoreceptors

Question 23

What are the branches of the internal carotid artery?

AVIP’SCOMMA

Answer 23

• Anterior choroidal artery
• Vidian artery
• Inferolateral trunk
• Posterior communicating artery
• Superior** hypophyseal** artery
• Caroticotympanic artery
• **Ophthalmic **artery
• Meningohypophyseal trunk
  *** Middle **cerebral artery
  * Anterior cerebral artery

Question 24

what is** carotid stenosis**?

Answer 24

narrowing of the blood vessels (carotid arteries) in the neck - restricting blood flow to head and neck

Question 25

what are the 2 types of veins?

Answer 25

1. superficial veins - no corresponding arteries
   2**. deep **veins - have **corresponding arteries **

Question 26

what are the (2) superficial veins of the** head and neck**?

Answer 26

• external jugular vein
• anterior jugular vein

Question 27

Describe the external jugular vein

Answer 27

• lies superficially to the SCM muscle
• passes down neck and drains into the subclavian vein

Question 28

what does the external jugular vein drain from?

Answer 28

• outside of skull
• deep parts of face

Question 29

Describe the anterior jugular vein

Answer 29

• descends close to the midline of the neck, medial to SCM muscle
• drains blood into the external jugular vein or the subclvian vein

Question 30

Where do the 2 anterior jugular veins communicate?

Answer 30

• they communicate at the jugular arch

Question 31

Describe the interior jugular vein (ie deep vein)

Answer 31

• drains from **head, neck, brain, face and neck **
• joins the subclavian vein which becomes the brachiocephalic vein

Question 32

what ‘union’ is the superior vena cava formed by?

Answer 32

• it is formed by the union of the right and left brachiocephalic veins

Question 33

what ‘union; is the brachiocephalic veins formed by?

Answer 33

• internal jugular vein and subclavian vein

Question 34

What is** internal jugular central venous catheterisation**?

Answer 34

• a catheter placed into a large vein - might be for chemotherapy or plasma exchange etc