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anatomy - neuro > hyoid bone, superficial neck triangles and scalp > Flashcards

hyoid bone, superficial neck triangles and scalp Flashcards

1
Q

what is the hyoid bone?

A

an isolated **U shaped bone **in the anterior neck at the level of C3

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2
Q

what are the different parts of the hyoid bone?

A
  • body
  • 2 greater horns
  • 2 lesser horns
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3
Q

what are the 2 groups of hyoid muscles called?

A

infra-hyoid muscles
**supra hyoid **muscles

they are called this as they are either superior or inferior to the hyoid bone

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4
Q

what are the 4 supra hyoid muscles?

My Gut Seems Damaged

A
  • mylohyoid muscle (mylo=molar)
  • genio hyoid muscle
  • digastric muscle
  • stylohyoid
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5
Q

what does the mylo-hyoid muscle form?

A

the floor of the oral cavity

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6
Q

what is the function of the mylohyoid muscle?

A
  • elevates the floor of the mouth
  • elevates the hyoid during swallowing
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7
Q

what does the stylohyoid muscle originate from?

A
  • arises from the styloid process of the temporal bone
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8
Q

what are the 4 infra-hyoid muscles?

TOSS

A
  • sternohyoid muscle
  • omohyoid muscle (oblique running muscles)
  • thyrohyoid muscle
  • sternothryoid muscle
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9
Q

what are the 2 divisions of the neck and what are they separated by?

A
  • the** anterior and posterior triangles** of the neck
  • separated/ where the point of division is the **sternocleidomastoid muscle **
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10
Q

what does the digastric muscle originate and insert onto?

A

-O- digastric notch on mastoid process of temporal bon
I- digastric fossa on mandible

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11
Q

what is the anterior triangle of the neck bordered by?

A
  • bordered laterally by the SCM muscle
  • medially by the median line of the neck
  • bordered superiorly by the body of the mandible (mandible is on top)
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12
Q

what** 4 further smaller triangles **is the anterior triangle divided into?

MDSC

A
  • muscular
  • submandibular
  • submental
  • carotid
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13
Q

what does the mylohyoid muscle originate and insert onto?

A

-O- mylohyoid line (mandible)
-I - midline raphe and body of hyoid bone

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14
Q

what is the function of the SCM muscle?

A
  • unilateral contraction - flexes neck to same side and rotates head to opposite side
  • bilateral contraction -elevates head, flexes neck
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15
Q

what are the origins and insertions of the geniohyoid muscle?

A

-inferior mental spines on mandible
-I- body of hyoid

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16
Q

what are the borders of the submanibular triangle?

A
  • it is situated inferiorly to the mandible (where the submandibular glands are located)
  • bordered** superiorly by the mandible** and** anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle **
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17
Q

what muscle divides the submandibular triangle into the superficial and deep compartments?

A
  • the mylohyoid muscle
18
Q

what structures are located on the floor of the submandibular triangle?

A
  • mylohyoid muscle
  • hyoglossus muscle
19
Q

what structures are located in the superficial layer of the submandibular triangle?

A
  • submandibular gland
  • facial artery and vein mylohyoid nerve
20
Q

what structures are located in the deep compartment of the submandibular gland?

A
  • hyoglossus muscle
  • hyoglossus nerve
21
Q

where is the submental triangle located?

A

it is located at the midline of the neck
* ie it is a median triangle

22
Q

what are the borders of the submental triangle?

A
  • bordered laterally by the 2 anterior bellies of the digastric muscles
  • bordered inferiorly by the hyoid bone
23
Q

what does the submental triangle contain?

A
  • contains small veins that drain into the anterior jugular vein
  • submental lymph nodes
24
Q

what is the function of the submental lymph nodes?

A
  • they drain the floor of the oral cavity, middle lower lip, tip of the tongue
25
Q

what structures does the muscular triangles contain?

A
  • thyroid gland
  • parathyroid gland
  • infrahyoid muscles (thyrohyoid,sternohyoid)
26
Q

what is the floor of the carotid triangle made up of?

A
  • the floor is made up by part of the thyrohyoid muscle (short muscle below hyoid bone)
  • hyoglossus muscle (muscle above hyoid bone)
  • middle and inferior constrictors of the pharynx
27
Q

what is the carotid sheath?

A
  • fibrous connective tissue that is part of the deep cervical fascia of the neck
28
Q

within the carotid sheath in the carotid triangle, what vessels are present?

A
  • common carotid artery (located medially in the sheath)
  • internal jugular vein (located laterally)
  • vagus nerve (found posteriorly between the 2 vessels)
29
Q

what does the common carotid artery divide / branch into in the carotid triangle?

A
  • **internal **carotid artery
  • **external **carotid artery
30
Q

how is the posterior traingle of the neck bordered?

A
  • bordered anteriorly by the by the **posterior border of the SCM muscle **
  • bordered posteriorly by the anterior border of the **trapezius muscle **
  • inferiorly by the **clavicle **
31
Q

what muscle divides the posterior triangle of the neck into 2 smaller triangles?

A
  • inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle
32
Q

what are the 2 subdivisions of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A
  • occipital (larger)
  • supraclavicular
33
Q

what borders surround the supraclavicular triangle?

A
  • anteriorly by the** SCM muscle **
  • inferiorly **belly of omohyoid muscle *
34
Q

what structures are found in the supraclavicular triangle?

supraclavicular = above clavicle

A
  • subclavian artery
  • transverse cervical artery
  • dorsal scapular artery
  • external jugular vein
  • subclavian vein
35
Q

what are the borders of the** occipital triangle**?

A
  • bordered anteriorly by the** SCM muscle **
  • bordered posteriorly by the trapezius muscle
  • inferiorly by the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle
36
Q

what** structures **does the occipital triangle contain?

A
  • occipital artery
  • transverse cervical artery
  • accessory nerve NB runs infront of SCM muscle
37
Q

what are the 5 layers of the scalp?

acronym = scalp

A
  • S = **skin **
  • C=** connective tissue **
  • A = aponeurosis- thin tendon uniting the bellies of occipitofrontalis muscle
  • L=** loose areola tissue** the hair bearing part of the scalp
  • P =pericranium (periosteum) -adheres to the calvaria
38
Q

what are the 5 layers of the scalp?

acronym = scalp

A
  • S = **skin **
  • C=** connective tissue **
  • A = aponeurosis- thin tendon uniting the bellies of occipitofrontalis muscle
  • L=** loose areola tissue** the hair bearing part of the scalp
  • P =pericranium (periosteum) -adheres to the calvaria
39
Q

what are the 4 supra hyoid muscles?

A
40
Q

what does the mylo-hyoid muscle form?

A

the floor of the oral cavity

41
Q

what are the surface markings of the accessory nerve (Cranial nerve 11)?

A

-emerges from upper 1/3 of the posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
-passes deep to the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia
-descends and enters the posterior triangle

42
Q

what are the contents of the posterior triangle?

A

-accessory nerve
-cervical plexus
-subclavian artery
-subclavian vein
-apex of lung
-upper trunk of brachial plexus

anatomy - neuro (28 decks)

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