TEMA 9. PATOLOGÍA HEMODINÁMICA III: Flashcards

1
Q

HEMOSTASIA:

A

Mecanismo fisiológico que consiste en la detención de una hemorragia, mediante la formación de coágulos de sangre en zonas que han sufrido un daño vascular.

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2
Q

La alteración del equilibrio de la hemostasia puede derivar en diferentes patologías hemodinámicas:

A
  • Hemorragia
  • Trombosis
  • CID
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3
Q

ELEMENTOS QUE INTERVIENEN EN LA HEMOSTASIA:

A
  • Endotelio vascular
  • Plaquetas
  • Factores de coagulación
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4
Q

HEMORRAGIA:

A

Salida y acúmulo patológico de la “sangre” (eritrocitos) desde la luz vascular hacia el intersticio o cavidades anatómicas (extravasación)

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5
Q

HEMORRAGIA AGUDA (HORAS):

A

Eritrocitos libres en el intersticio o cavidades anatómicas

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6
Q

HEMORRAGIA CRÓNICA (DIAS O SEMANAS):

A

Eritrocitos fagocitados en el citoplasma de macrófagos → eritrofagocitosis
Pigmento de hemosiderina en el citoplasma de macrófagos → hemosiderosis

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7
Q

Causa hemoragias:

A
  • Alteracion del endotelio vascular
  • Trombocitopatias
  • Trastornos de los factores de la coagulación
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8
Q

Petequias :

A

hemoragia con patron miliar

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9
Q

Equimosis

A

hemoragia con patron multifocal

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10
Q

Sufusion :

A

hemoragia con patron localmente extensiva

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11
Q

Purpura :

A

hemoragias generalizadas

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12
Q

Hematamesis :

A

vomito con sangre del tracto digestivo

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13
Q

Hemomptisis

A

vomito con sangre del tracto respiratorio

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14
Q

Hematoria :

A

sangre en orina

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15
Q

Melena :

A

sangre en heces

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16
Q

Metrorragia :

A

sangre en el tracto vaginal