TELEOLOGICAL

Question 1

Explain William Paley’s natural theology

Answer 1

Compares natural object to manmade objects
pebble to watch
If you saw a watch on a beach you would question what got the watch there, because of the intricate design organised for purpose.
just like the human eye, it has the hall mark of design

Question 2

Humes problem of analogy (against natural theology)

Answer 2

Manmade objects are very different from nature.
We observe manmade objects being designed, but we have no such experience with nature.
such differences make the jump weaker from designing a watch to the universe

Question 3

Hume on causation

Answer 3

it takes many instances to cause a causal relationship.
you can tell what will happen if you have many experiences of the same thing happening with the same result.
can you infer causation from a single instance.

Question 4

Hume finite matter, infinite time

Answer 4

relies on two assumptions
-Time is infinite
-Matter in finite
meaning it inevitable that every formation will take place its like monkeys on typewriters.
so some things will

Question 5

Darwin : evolution by natural selection

Answer 5

explains complex organisms
god designs giraffes with long necks so they could be explains without a designer, for example.

Question 6

Swinburne: the argument from design

Answer 6

distinguishes between
-examples of order in nature
-and the order of the laws of nature

we cant explain science is why the way it is. as the laws of the universe haven’t evolved.

Question 7

multiple universes- response to Swinburne’s teleological argument

Answer 7

instead that time is infinite, we can say universes are finite.
it is likely that some of these universes will have laws of nature (temporal order) that support the formation of life. Of course, when such universes do exist, it is just sheer luck. If each universe has randomly different scientific laws, there will also be many universes where the temporal order does not support life.

Question 8

design argument from analogy

Answer 8

Dialogues concerning natural religion to investigate the nature of god and the arguments.
- the universe consists of parts, working together to fulfil a goal
- in this way the universe resembles a great machine, as machines also consist of parts working together.
-effects that are similar have causes which are similar.
-machines are made by human designers
-therefore the universe must have a designer
-therefore god exists.