TEETH

Question 1

What is the lingual surface of the teeth

Answer 1

faces the tongue

Question 2

What is the labial surface of the teeth

Answer 2

Surface of incisors and canines facing the lips

Question 3

What is the buccal surface of the teeth

Answer 3

surface of canines, premolars and molars facing the cheeks

Question 4

What is the occlusal surface

Answer 4

Surface of all teeth that parallels the plane in which upper and lower dentition meet

Question 5

What is the milk/deciduous dentition

Answer 5

baby teeth

Question 6

Explain how to write a dental formula

Answer 6

goes by incisor, canine, premolar, molar on one side (upper dentition/ lower)

for humans it is

2.1.2.3/2.1.2.3

which means 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars on one side of the mouth upper/lower

Question 7

What is an angles classification

Answer 7

refers to malocclusion which is misalignment of dental arches

defined by the position of the upper first molar mesiobuccal cusp in relation to the lower first molar

Question 8

What are the 3 angle classifications

Answer 8

Angle class 1: normal

Angle class 2: Buccal groove of the first lower molar is distally positioned with the mesiobuccal cusp of the 1st maxillary molar

Angle class 3: Buccal groove of the first lower molar is mesially positioned in occlusion with the mesiobuccal cusp of the first maxillary molar

Question 9

What are the layers of the teeth

Answer 9

Enamel
Dentine
Dental cement

Question 10

Describe enamel

Answer 10

Covers tooth crown. Very strong made of fibre like mineral crystals and water and protein to hold fibres together

Question 11

Describe dentine

Answer 11

Forms most of tooth. Composed of mineral component and organic matrix of collagen fibres. Underneath enamel and encapsulates pulp cavity

Question 12

Describe dental cement

Answer 12

Bone like tissue that covers external surface of tooth roots. Made of mineral component and organic matrix of collagen fibres. Attaches periodontal ligament to the surface of root

Question 13

How is age estimated from teeth

Answer 13

Tooth eruption allows this to be estimated because specific teeth fall out at specific points

M1 = 6 years

M2 = 12 years

M3 = 18 years

Question 14

What are the bands of retzius

Answer 14

incremental growth lines or bands seen in enamel. They deposit in enamel every 7 days. Once they reach the surface they are called perikymata.

Question 15

How does hard food and soft food cause tooth wear

Answer 15

Hard food = crushing = complex, pits

Soft food = shearing = simple, scratches

Question 16

What is a dental calculus and a dental caries

Answer 16

Calculus: mineral plaque which can be analysed to see what was trapped and thus the diet of fossils

Caries: Change in diet is reflected due to dental changes

Question 17

What can counting bands of retzius show us

Answer 17

Estimate death of fossils

Rapid development

Breastfeeding, due to Ba levels increasing during breastfeeding

Question 18

Describe incisors

Answer 18

Look: Flat and blade like

Root: 1 root
upper = triangular
lower = compressed mesiodistally

Crowns:
upper = shovel shape
lower: chisel shapes

Question 19

Describe canines

Answer 19

Look: narrow

Root: long
lower are more compressed and sometimes have accessory root

Crowns:
conical, tusk like, single central cusp

Question 20

Describe premolars

Answer 20

Roots:
Upper = double roots
Lower = single conical root

Crowns: round, 2 cusps

upper: strong occlusal groove, more oval
lower: large buccal cusp than lingual, sometimes 3 cusps, weak median groove, more circular

Question 21

Describe molars

Answer 21

Look:: larger and square grounds

Root: Usually 3 roots variably fused, lower has usually 2

Crowns:
Upper: 3-4 cusps, outline is rhombus
Lower: 4-5 major cusps, outline is square, rectangular, oblong