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eBMS2011 > CLASSIFYING THE SKETAL MUSCLE SYSTEM > Flashcards

CLASSIFYING THE SKETAL MUSCLE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Outline smooth muscle

A

absence of striations, innervated by ANS, slow rhythmic contractions

walls of hollow organs

blood vessels, eye muscles, respiratory

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2
Q

Outline cardiac muscle

A

transverse striations with intercalated discs. contraction regulated by pacemaker cells influenced by ANS. quick continuous rhythmic contraction.

heart

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3
Q

Outline skeletal muscle

A

transverse striations. innervated by motor neurons, voluntary contraction. move bones, stabilise joints

attached to bone via tendon

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4
Q

Functions of skeletal muscle

A

movement

Maintain posture and position

Support soft tissues

Guard entrances and exits

Maintain body temperature

Store nutrient reserves (metabolic tissue)

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5
Q

Sub unit order of skeletal muscle

A

Skeletal muscle

Fascicles

Skeletal muscle fibres/cells

Myofibrils

Sarcomeres

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6
Q

Surrounding tissues of skeletal muscle

A

Epimysium: covers entire muscle

Perimysium: covers fascicles, contains blood vessels and nerves

Endomysium: covers individual muscle fibres/cells

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7
Q

Make up motor units

A

Skeletal muscles are innervated by motor nerves. motor nerves are made up of motor neurons.

more strength = more motor neurons = motor nerves recruited = innervate more fascicles

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8
Q

Physical components of a muscle

A

Belly
Tendons
Fascia

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9
Q

Outline belly of muscle

A

Fleshy part of muscle, which is the contractile part, vascularised

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10
Q

Outline tendons of muscle

A

bands of CT connection muscle to skeleton. poorly vascularised

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11
Q

Outline fascia of muscle

A

A fibrous membrane covering, supporting and separating muscles

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12
Q

What is an aponeurosis

A

broad tendinous fascia sheet

joins muscles

or joins muscles with large are attachment to bone

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13
Q

Outline the implications of a longer myofibril

A

longer myofibril = greater range of motion

myofibrils still contract the same, no difference due to length

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14
Q

what is contraction force related to

A

cross sectional area of muscle (having more fascicles to innervate)

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15
Q

What is an isometric contraction

A

tension produced, no length change, no movement

static contraction as joint stays the same

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16
Q

What is an isotonic contraction

A

Tension produced, change in length.

dynamic contraction because joint will move

concentric = shortening

eccentric = lengthening

17
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle fibres

A

Slow oxidative (slow twitch, type 1)

Fast oxidative-glycolytic (intermediate twitch, type IIA)

Fast glycolytic ( fast twitch, type IIX)

18
Q

Which fibre type has the highest fatigue resistance

A

Slow oxidative.

19
Q

What are the different types of fascicle arrangements

A 
parallel
flat
convergent
pennate
fusiform
digastric
circular
quadrate
20
Q

outline parallel fascicles

A

parallel to long axis of muscle

contracts = shorten = larger in diameter

21
Q

outline convergent fascicles

A

fascicles converge at common attachment.

stimulating different portions can change pull

22
Q

outline pennate fascicles

A

diagonal direction to tendon, pull angled, greater force due to more fibres

uni, bi or multi

23
Q

outline circular fascicles

A

concentrically arranged around opening, guards entry, exit to the body

24
Q

outline flat fascicles

A

flat muscle, parallel fascicles, often have an aponeurosis

25
Q

outline quadrate fascicles

A

all sides are equal size, tendinous intersections, parallel fascicles

26
Q

outline fusiform fascicles

A

spindle shaped muscle (thick belly, thinner at tendons), parallel fascicles

27
Q

outline digastric fascicles

A

two different bellies connected by a tendon, fascicles are fusiform (parallel).

28
Q

What are intrinsic muscles

A

only cross one joint, tendons and bellies in one region

29
Q

What are extrinsic muscles

A

muscles that cross one or more joints, tendons and bellies are indifferent compartments

30
Q

4 groups of muscle actions

A

agonist
antagonist
synergist
fixators

31
Q

outline agonists

A

prime mover

muscle whose contraction is mainly responsible for producing particular movement

32
Q

outline antagonists

A

muscle whose action opposes particular agonist

33
Q

outline synergists

A

muscle that assists agonist to work efficiently

34
Q

outline fixators

A

act as a stabiliser in one part of the body during movement of another part.

eBMS2011 (14 decks)

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