BONES AND MUSCLES FACE

Question 1

What are the major compartments of the head

Answer 1

Cranial cavity:
anterior/middle/posterior cranial fossa

2 ears
2 orbits
2 nasal cavities
1 oral cavity

Question 2

What are the different paranasal air sinuses and where are they located

Answer 2

Maxillary: lateral to nasal cavity

Frontal: superior to nasal cavity and eyes

sphenoidal: superior to nasal cavity, medial to eyes

Ethmoid: posterior to nasal cavity

Question 3

What are the functions skull

Answer 3

Supports and protects the brain

Special sense organs

Site for voice, expression, mastication

first part of the respiratory and digestive systems

attachment site for muscles of the head and neck

Question 4

What are the bones of the neurocranium

Answer 4

Frontal
ethmoidal
Sphenoidal
Occipital
Temporal (x2)
Parietal (x2)

Question 5

Describe the ethmoid bone

Answer 5

Anterior floor of cranium, roof of nasal cavity, medial wall of orbits.

Contains paranasal air sinuses

Crista galli projects from ethmoid bone

Question 6

Describe the sphenoid bone

Answer 6

Keystone of skull.

Contains paranasal air sinuses

Encloses pituitary gland,

provides attachments for lower jaw muscles

transmits optic nerve

Question 7

Describe the temporal bones

Answer 7

Squamous part (front upper) and petrous part (wedged between sphenoid and occipital)

connect to auditory meatus

carotid canal passageway for internal carotid artery

Question 8

Describe occipital bone

Answer 8

Posterior foramen magnum, squamous part and basilar part.

Hypoglossal canal, occipital condyles

Question 9

What are the coronal sutures

Answer 9

Spaces where cranial bones meet

Coronal: parietal and frontal

Squamous: parietal and temporal

Lambdoid: parietal and occipital

Sagittal: 2 parietals

Question 10

What are the facial bones

Answer 10

Frontal
Zygomatic
Nasal
Maxilla
Mandible (2 bodies fuse in middle at chin)

Question 11

What is the function of fontanelles

Answer 11

Spaces between cranial bones at birth to allow for brain growth and passage through birth canal

Posterior closes at 9 months

Anterior closes at 15-24 months

Question 12

What does the external carotid artery branch into

Answer 12

Occipital
posterior auricular
maxillary
superficial temporal
facial 
lingual

supplies parts of face and posterior cranium

Question 13

what does the internal carotid artery supply

Answer 13

Anterior and middle cerebral parts of brain and eyes

Question 14

Outline the muscles of facial expression

Answer 14

Occipitofrontalis: raised eyebrows

Orbicularis oculi: wink and blink

Orbicularis oris: duck face

Buccinator: blow out cheeks

Question 15

Outline the muscles of mastication

Answer 15

Move mandible. Innervated by trigeminal nerve

Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid: jaw closing muscles

Lateral pterygoid: jaw opener

Question 16

Outline the extrinsic muscles of the eye

Answer 16

Control position of eye. Innervated by oculomotor nerve

4 rectus: superior, inferior, lateral, medial

2 oblique: superior, inferior

Question 17

What are the muscles of the tongue

Answer 17

Palatoglossus
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus

Question 18

Outline the muscles of the pharynx

Answer 18

Superior/middle/inferior pharyngeal constrictors found in oro and laryngopharynx

Question 19

Outline the extrinsic muscles of the larynx

Answer 19

Move larynx superiorly and inferiorly, 2 groups

Suprahyoid group: Attach to hyoid and either mandible or temporal bone
if mandible fixed = elevate hyoid (swallowing)
if hyoid fixed = depress mandible (mastication)
ELEVATE

infrahyoid group: attach to hyoid, thyroid cartilage and strenum. Sternohoid, Sternothyroid, Thyrohyoid
DEPRESS

Question 20

What bones meet at the pterion region on the lateral aspect of the cranium

Answer 20

Parietal, Frontal, Sphenoid, Temporalis

Question 21

What are the layers of the scalp

Answer 21

skin
CT
aponeurosis
loose areolar tissue
pericranium

Question 22

What are the tonsils

Answer 22

Lymph nodes part of the immune system

2 palatine tonsils at base/root of tongue

lingual tonsils located at base/root of tongue, superior to epiglottis

Pharyngeal tonsils: also called adenoids, located in roof and posterior wall of nasopharynx

Question 23

What are the functions of the para nasal sinuses

Answer 23

Air filled that drain roof and lateral walls of nasal cavity

Decrease skull weight

Humidify air

Insulate structures from rapid temp change

Increase resonance of voice

Immunological defense