CLASSIFYING THE HUMAN SKELETON Flashcards
What are the function of the human skeleton
Support
Protection
movement
Blood cell production
Storage of nutrients
Outline cartilage
semi rigid dense connective tissue containing chondrocytes and extracellular matrix of collagen.
resistant to force, where flexibility is needed.
articulates joints
avascular
Hyaline cartilage
closely packed collagen fibres
supports
areas to reduce friction, allow movement
articular surfaces, costal cartilage, nose tip
Elastic cartilage
elastic fibres ECM
resiliant, flexible
soft areas needing to hold shape
ears, throat
Fibrocartilage
Interwoven collagen ECM
tough
joining bones in cavities
meniscus of knee, pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs
Outline ligaments
dense bands of CT attach bones to each other for support and strength
reinforce joints, flexible but strong end to end
collagen fibres like strains of a rope.
Outline joints
area where adjacent bones interact. allow movement. classified by function (movement) and structure
Synarthrosis
No movement.
bony edges close together
strong, movement must be prevented
parietal bones
Amphiarthrosis
little movement.
moderate strength and movement
connects by collagen or cartilage
pubic symphysis
Diarthrosis
free movement
joint articulation like shoulder for free movement
Fibrous joint
articular surface fibrous CT
Cartilaginous joint
firmly held together by hyaline or fibrocartilage
Synovial joint
freely moveable
articular cartilage and synovial fluid cavity and membrane
supported by fibrous capsule and ligaments
Types of synovial joints by movement
gliding condylar hinge saddle pivot ball and socket
gliding joints
flat, gliding
condylar joints
oval surface depression, angular (2 planes)
Hinge joints
back and forth (1 plane)
Saddle joints
concave and convex on axes, angular, circumduction, NOT ROTATION
Ball and socket
round end sits in cup depression, all movement
Outline bone
osseous tissue with specialised cells and mineralised matrix
compact:
otuside, vascularised, calcified
spongy:
mineralised trabecular, avascular (mostly), surrounding marrow or adipose
types of bones
short flat irregular sesamoid long
short bone
cuboidal shaped, small boxy
flat bone
thin, parallel surface, protection
irregular bone
complex shapes
sesamoid bone
sesame seed shaped, develop in tendon near a joint. protect tendons for wear.
long bone
tubular shaped, slender
largest medullary cavities (bone marrow)
vascularised
site of growth
parts of long bones
epiphysis:
ends of bone
diaphysis:
shaft, medullary cavity
metaphysis:
between diaphysis and epiphysis, epiphyseal plate
what are epiphyseal plates
layer of hyaline cartilage at ends of growing long bones
new bone growth causing elongation
when finished, epiphyseal line
what is a bony landmark
provide fixed point to determine position of joints and identify a bone.
what is a tubercle
eminence often a site of tendon/ligament attachment. lesser or greater
tuberosity = larger trochanter = femur
what is a line/ridge
linear elevation often with a rough surface
what is a foramen
passage/hollow part though a bone
what is a condyle
knuckle like prominence for articulation
what is an epicondyle
eminence superior or adjacent to condyle for attachments.
Breakfast
Lunch
Dinner
Crunchy 7
tasty 12
light 5
