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eBMS2011 > CLASSIFYING THE HUMAN SKELETON > Flashcards

CLASSIFYING THE HUMAN SKELETON Flashcards

1
Q

What are the function of the human skeleton

A

Support

Protection

movement

Blood cell production

Storage of nutrients

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2
Q

Outline cartilage

A

semi rigid dense connective tissue containing chondrocytes and extracellular matrix of collagen.

resistant to force, where flexibility is needed.
articulates joints
avascular

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3
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

closely packed collagen fibres

supports

areas to reduce friction, allow movement

articular surfaces, costal cartilage, nose tip

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4
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

elastic fibres ECM

resiliant, flexible

soft areas needing to hold shape

ears, throat

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5
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Interwoven collagen ECM

tough

joining bones in cavities

meniscus of knee, pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs

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6
Q

Outline ligaments

A

dense bands of CT attach bones to each other for support and strength

reinforce joints, flexible but strong end to end

collagen fibres like strains of a rope.

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7
Q

Outline joints

A

area where adjacent bones interact. allow movement. classified by function (movement) and structure

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8
Q

Synarthrosis

A

No movement.

bony edges close together

strong, movement must be prevented

parietal bones

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9
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

little movement.

moderate strength and movement

connects by collagen or cartilage

pubic symphysis

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10
Q

Diarthrosis

A

free movement

joint articulation like shoulder for free movement

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11
Q

Fibrous joint

A

articular surface fibrous CT

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12
Q

Cartilaginous joint

A

firmly held together by hyaline or fibrocartilage

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13
Q

Synovial joint

A

freely moveable

articular cartilage and synovial fluid cavity and membrane

supported by fibrous capsule and ligaments

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14
Q

Types of synovial joints by movement

A 
gliding 
condylar
hinge
saddle
pivot
ball and socket
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15
Q

gliding joints

A

flat, gliding

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16
Q

condylar joints

A

oval surface depression, angular (2 planes)

17
Q

Hinge joints

A

back and forth (1 plane)

18
Q

Saddle joints

A

concave and convex on axes, angular, circumduction, NOT ROTATION

19
Q

Ball and socket

A

round end sits in cup depression, all movement

20
Q

Outline bone

A

osseous tissue with specialised cells and mineralised matrix

compact:
otuside, vascularised, calcified

spongy:
mineralised trabecular, avascular (mostly), surrounding marrow or adipose

21
Q

types of bones

A 
short
flat
irregular
sesamoid
long
22
Q

short bone

A

cuboidal shaped, small boxy

23
Q

flat bone

A

thin, parallel surface, protection

24
Q

irregular bone

A

complex shapes

25
Q

sesamoid bone

A

sesame seed shaped, develop in tendon near a joint. protect tendons for wear.

26
Q

long bone

A

tubular shaped, slender

largest medullary cavities (bone marrow)

vascularised

site of growth

27
Q

parts of long bones

A

epiphysis:
ends of bone

diaphysis:
shaft, medullary cavity

metaphysis:
between diaphysis and epiphysis, epiphyseal plate

28
Q

what are epiphyseal plates

A

layer of hyaline cartilage at ends of growing long bones

new bone growth causing elongation

when finished, epiphyseal line

29
Q

what is a bony landmark

A

provide fixed point to determine position of joints and identify a bone.

30
Q

what is a tubercle

A

eminence often a site of tendon/ligament attachment. lesser or greater

tuberosity = larger
trochanter = femur
31
Q

what is a line/ridge

A

linear elevation often with a rough surface

32
Q

what is a foramen

A

passage/hollow part though a bone

33
Q

what is a condyle

A

knuckle like prominence for articulation

34
Q

what is an epicondyle

A

eminence superior or adjacent to condyle for attachments.

35
Q

Breakfast
Lunch
Dinner

A

Crunchy 7
tasty 12
light 5

eBMS2011 (14 decks)

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