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Geography > Tectonic Hazards > Flashcards

Tectonic Hazards Flashcards

1
Q

What’s The 1st Layer Of Earth And What Characteris Does It Have?

A
  • Inner Core
  • Diameter 2,400km
  • Its Made Of Iron and Nickel
  • Its 5,500 Degrees
  • and Radioactivity Decay Happens a Lot
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2
Q

What’s The 2nd Layer Of Earth and What Characteris Does It Have?

A
  • Outer Core
  • Diameter 2,300 Thick
  • Its Made Of Iron and Nickel
  • Its Between 4,000-5,000
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3
Q

What’s The 3rd Layer Of Earth and What Characteris Does It Have?

A
  • Mantle
  • 2,900 Km Thick
  • 500-900 Degrees Thick
  • Convection Currents Happen Here
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4
Q

What’s The 4th Layer Of Earth and What Characteris Does It Have?

A
  • Crust
  • Its Between 0-60KM Thick
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5
Q

What Are The 2 Types Of Crust Called?

A

Oceanic and Continental

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6
Q

What The Difference Between Continental and Oceanic Crust?

A
  • Continental Has Land On It And Its Light and Can’t Sink.
  • Oceanic Doesn’t Have Land and Its Heaver and Can Sink
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7
Q

How Many Large And Small Plates Are Their?

A
  • Large Plates - 7
  • Small Plates - 12
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8
Q

What Causes These Plates To Move and Where Is It Located?

A

Convection Currents Which Are Located In The Mantle

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9
Q

What’s The Key Word Called When 2 Plate Meet Togher?

A
  • Plate Margin Or Plate Boundaries
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10
Q

How Far Is The Uk From Its Nearest Plate?

A
  • Its 1,600 KM Away From The Eurasia Plate
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11
Q

What’s The 3 Plate Boundaries Called

A
  • Destructive
  • Constructive
  • Conservative
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12
Q

Whats The 2 Different Types of Destructive Boundary Called?

A
  • Destructive Subduction
  • Destructive Collison
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13
Q

Which 2 Places Can Can Subduction Zones Be Found?

A
  • West Coast Of South America
  • East Coast Of Japan
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14
Q

What Natural Disaster Happens At Destructive Plate Boundaries?

A
  • Volcanoes and Earthquakes
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15
Q

What Natural Disaster Happens At Constructive Plate Boundaries?

A
  • Volcanoes and Earthquakes
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16
Q

What Natural Disaster Happens At Conservative Plate Boundaries?

A
  • Only Volcanoes
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17
Q

Describe Which Way Do Destructive Plate Margins Move?

A
  • At Destructive Plate Boundaries They Move Towards Each Other.
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18
Q

Describe what Happens In a Destructive Plate Margin?

A
  • The Heavier Oceanic Plate Sinks Under The Contention Plate At Around a 45 Angle. Because Its Heavier and Denser.
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19
Q

Write a Definition Of a Ocean Trench?

A
  • Its The Land Between The Oceanic and Continental Plate
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20
Q

The Ocean Trench Near Japan Is (_________) Deep.

A

11 Km

21
Q

Describe Which Way Do Constructive Plate Margins Move?

A
  • At Constructive Plate Margins They Move Away From Each Other.
22
Q

Describe what Happens In a Constructive Plate Margin?

A
  • When the 2 Plates Are Pulled Apart Magma Then Rises and Fills in Between The Gap This Is Cause By The Convection Currents In The Magma.
23
Q

Describe Which Way Do Conservative Plate Margins Move?

A
  • They Move Slide To Slide Each Other.
24
Q

Describe what Happens In a Conservative Plate Margin?

A
  • The Plates Move In Different Directions and Speed Then When They Move Side By Side Friction Builds up Then This Released Lost Of Vibrations Which Creates A Earthquake.
25
Q

Name 4 Ways That Volcanoes Can Be Reduced?

A
  • Monitoring
  • Predicting Modelling
  • Protection Design
  • Planning
26
Q

List 4 reasons why people live near earthquakes or volcanoes And explain them

A
  • Geothermal Energy - Creates Renewable Energy Sources.
  • Farming - Volcanic Ash Makes The Soil Very Fertile.
  • Mining - Sulfur Is Found Near Their.
  • Jobs - Lots Of Tourism Jobs And Lots Of Hotels,Restaurants and Souvenir Shops Which Help Income.
27
Q

Name 5 Things That Could Predict That There Is A Volcano and explain Them?

A
  • Ground Deformation
  • Gases
  • Changes In Heat
  • Vibrations Underground
  • Smaller Eruption Of Stream and Smoke
28
Q

Explain How Scientise Will Know a Volcanoes Will Happen Due To The Gases Released?

A
  • Certain Gases Indicate Rising Magma Such as Sulfurous Gases
29
Q

Which Country Was L’Aquila Earthquake Happening And What Day?

A
  • It Happened In a Medieval Town In The Abruzzo Region In Central Italy.
  • It Hit On 6 April 2009.
30
Q

How Strong Was The L’Aquila Earthquake and What Time DId The Earthquake Hit?

A
  • It Was Measured 6.3 Magnitude On The Righter Scale.
  • The Earthquake Hit 3:32 Am Meaning People Were Asleep at This Time.
31
Q

Name 5 Primary Effects Of L’Aquila Earthquake?

A
  • 1,500 People Were Injured.
  • 20 Children Died.
  • Caused Damage To 3,000-11,000 Building Were Destroyed.
  • 309 People Died In Total.
  • The EU Estimated That The Damage Was $1.1Billion.
32
Q

What Scale Is Used To Measure Earth Quakes?

A
  • Righter Scale
33
Q

Name 4 Secondary Effects Of L’aquila Earthquake?

A
  • 16,000 Jobs Were lost as Services and Business Left The Area.
  • The Numbers Of Students At L’Aquila University Had Decresed Since The Earthquake.
  • The Lack Of Hosing For Residents Means House Prices Increased.
  • A Landslide Caused A Burst Of Main Water Supply Pipelines.
34
Q

Write a Definition Of Secondary and Primary Research?

A
  • Primary Research are the direct and immediate Consequence of The Disaster.
  • Secondary Research Is The Months and Years Conque Which Are Delayed.
35
Q

What’s The Acronym To Reduce a Earthquake?

A
  • S -Strong Influstucutere
  • E - Early Warning
  • C - Community Awareness
  • R -Research and Monitoring
  • L -Land Use Planning
36
Q

What’s The Acronym To Reduce a Volcano?

A
  • M -Monitoring
  • E -Engineering Solutions
  • R - Risk Mapping
  • C - Community Preparedness
37
Q

Write a Definition Of Immediate and Long-term Responses?

A
  • Immediate Reponses Is The actions taken right after emergency occurs.
  • Long-Term Reponses Are The Actions That Try To Recover The Emergency.
38
Q

Name 4 Immediate Responses Of L’Aquila Earthquake?

A
  • Within an Hour The Italian Red Cross Was Searching For Survivors.
  • Electric and Gas Bills Were Suspended.
  • The British Red Cross Raised £171,000 In Support.
  • The EU Granted $552.9 Million To Begin Rebuilding L’Aquila.
39
Q

Name 3 Long-Term Responses Of L’Aquila Earthquake?

A
  • Residents Did Not Pay Taxes In 2010.
  • Students received free public transportation, discounted education equipment, and waived university fees for three years.
  • Homes Took Several Years To Rebuild and Historic Centers Will Take 15 Years.
40
Q

What Caused The L’Aquila Earthquake?

A

L’Aquila Is Situated Along The North West - South East Paganica Fault Line And The Fault Lines Occurs At The Boundary Of Tectonic Plates.

41
Q

Which Country Was Gorkha Earthquake Happening And What Day?

A
  • It Happened On The 25 April 2015.
  • It Happened In Nepa
42
Q

How Strong And Deep Was The Gorkha Earthquake and What Time DId The Earthquake Hit?

A
  • The Focus Was Only 8km Deep.
  • It Was a 7.3 Magnitude Aftershock
  • The Earthquake Occurred at 11:26 AM.
43
Q

How Far Was The Epicentre From Reaching The Capital Of Nepal?

A
  • It Was 60KM From Reaching Kathmandu.
44
Q

Name 3 Immediate Responses Of Gorkha Earthquake?

A
  • Tent Cities Sprung Up In Kathmandu.
  • Responses Were Slow.
  • 90% Of The Nepalese Army Mobilised To The Worst Hit Areas That Had Landslides Occurring.
45
Q

Name 3 Long-Term Responses Of Gorkha Earthquake?

A
  • Aid Was Delivered By a Huge Amount Of Countries.
  • The Uk Donated 30 Tonnes Of Aid And 8 Tonnes Of Equipment.
  • International Aid Was Provided By India and China And In Total They Gave $1 Billon To Help Nepal.
46
Q

Name 3 Primary Effects In The Gorkha Earthquake?

A

-8,632 People Died.
- 19,009 Injured.
- 1000s Of Houses Were Destroyed.

47
Q

Name 4 Secondary Effects In The Gorkha Earthquake?

A
  • Harvests Were Reduced Or Lost.
  • Economic Loss Was 9 To 50% Of GDP.
    -Landslides Killed a Further 250 People.
  • $10 Billon worth of Damage.
48
Q

What Caused The Gorkha Earthquake?

A
  • The Earthquake Occured on a Convergent Plate Boundary Between The Indian and Eurasian Plate Both Plates Collided.
49
Q

What Type Of Income Did Nepal Have That Time And What Was Its HDI And GNI Score?

A
  • It Was One Of The Poorest Countries in The World.
  • Its HDI Score Was 0.56.
  • Its GNI of $2,660.

Geography (13 decks)

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