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Geography > Climate Change > Flashcards

Climate Change Flashcards

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1
Q

Write a Definition of Climate Change?

A
  • Climate Change is any Significant Change in the Earth Climate Over a Long Peroid.
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2
Q

Write a Definition of Global Warming?

A
  • Global Warming Describes the sharp rise in global temperatures over the last century.
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3
Q

How old do Geologist Think Planet Earth is?

A
  • 4.6 Billion Years ago.
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4
Q

When Was the Last Ice Age?

A
  • 10,000 Years Ago
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5
Q

What is The current Time Period and How old is It?

A
  • The Current Time Period is the Quaternary Time Period.
  • The Quetery Time Period is 2.6 Million Years ago.
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6
Q

Write a Definition of Glacial?

A
  • Glacial is a Ice Age.
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7
Q

What does Glaciers Advance Mean?

A
  • Glaciers Advance Means That Glaciers Grow South from the North Pole.
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8
Q

Write a Definition of Retreat?

A
  • Retreat Means that Glaciers Melt and Return toward The Poles.
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9
Q

Write a Definition of Interglacial?

A
  • Interglacial is a Warm Period between Ice Ages.
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10
Q

What Happened to Temperatures 5.5 Million Years Ago?

A
  • The Temperature Were Warmer than Today.
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11
Q

What Happened to Temperatures 2.6 Million Years Ago?

A
  • Temperatures Cooled and Then Enterded 100,000 Year Ice Age Cycle.
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12
Q

What Happened to Temperatures Over 420,000 Years Ago?

A
  • Temperature Fluctuated in 100,000 Year Cycle.
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13
Q

What’s The Acrimony To Remember the 6 Pieces of Evidence for Climate Change?

A
  • S - Sea Ice Melting.
  • P - Painting.
  • S - Satellite and Water Data.
  • I - Ice Cores.
  • S - Sediment Cores.
  • T - Tree Rings.
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14
Q

Write a Definition of Instrumental Data and give 3 examples of Instrumental data?

A
  • Instrumental Data Is data measured in real time using scientific instruments.
  • For Example: Themetors,Satellite based radiometre, and Ice Caps.
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15
Q

Write a Definition of Proxy?

A
  • Proxy Means A Approximate Estimate.
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16
Q

What Are Ice Cores/Sheets Made up and How do They form and what do scientist do?

A
  • Ice Cores/sheets are made up of a layer of ice.
  • 1 layer of ice is formed each year.
  • Scientist Then Drill into ice sheets to get long cores of ice.
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17
Q

How do Ice Cores show us evidence for climate change?

A
  • Gases from the atmosphere Trap into these layers of ice and scientist can tell what was the temperate.
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18
Q

What happens to the tree rings when tress grow?

A
  • The Trees that grow more and more each year form a new ring.
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19
Q

Tress get thicker in (________) and (________) Conditions.

A

warm and wet

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20
Q

How do Tree rings Show us Evidence for climate change?

A
  • Scientists take tree cores to count the rings to find the age of the tree.
  • The thickness shows how what climate was like.
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21
Q

Pollen from (______________) Get Preserved In (_____________)

A
  • Plants and Sediment
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22
Q

Write a Definition of Marine Sediment Cores?

A
  • Marine Sediment Cores is A Cylinder Of Ocean Sediments Removed from The Ocean Floor.
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23
Q

What can Sediment cores shows Scientist?

A
  • Sediment Cores can Show the date that pollen was preserved in sediments.
  • This can show what creatures were alive at that time.
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24
Q

Write a Definition of Milankovitch cycles and Who Discovered Them?

A
  • Milankovitch Cycles are Cyclical Variations in the Earth’s orbit around the sun.
  • The Serbian Geophysicist Milutin Milankovitch.
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25
Q

Why is Ice Important to the Earth climate?

A
  • when Sunlight hits the ground its absorbed.
  • But ice is white and the color white reflects sunlight.
  • But ice only forms in cold Conditions.
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26
Q

Why is the northern hemisphere so important for regulating earths climate?

A
  • There is More Land in the North pole Compared to the South Pole.
  • Land Freezes more quickly than water so ice freezes on land more easily.
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27
Q

Name 3 Natural Causes of Climate Change?

A
  • 1) Milankovitch Cycle.
    -2) Volcanic activity.
  • 3) Sunspots.
28
Q

Name the 3 Parts of Milankovitch Cycles

A
  • 1) Eccentricity.
  • 2) Obliquity (Tilt).
  • 3) Orbital Precession.
29
Q

Write a Definition of Eccentricity?

A
  • Eccentricity is The Changing of The Orbit of Earth Around the Sun from a Circular shape of ellipses.
30
Q

How Does the Earth’s Orbit affects its climate?

A
  • The Earth’s Orbit Goes from being circular to oval (elipse) During January earth receives 6% more sunlight.
31
Q

How long is the orbit cycle?

A
  • 100,000 Year Cycle.
32
Q

How much is the Earth Tilted?

A
  • 23.5°
33
Q

How does the Earth tilt affect its Climate?

A

-The More Earth Tilts the More sunlight is received in summer.
- Which Means more ice Melts and less light is reflected and creates a warmer earth.

34
Q

How Long is The Tilt Cycle?

A
  • 41,000 Year Cycle.
35
Q

Write a Definition of Precession?

A
  • Precession is the wobbles of the earth’s axis.
36
Q

How Does the Earth’s Wobbles Affects Its Climate?

A
  • The Wobble Dictates Which Direction the Northern Hemispheres is forcing in January.
37
Q

How Long is The Wobble Cycle?

A
  • 20,000 Year Cycle
38
Q

Write a Definition of Sunspots and How Long is the sunspot cycle?

A
  • A Sunspot is a Dark spot on the Sun.
  • The Sunspot cycle is 11 years cycle.
39
Q

What do Sunspots Cause?

A
  • Sunspots Cause Temperature Change on Earth.
40
Q

What Do Volcanoes release and how can it affect the earth’s climate?

A
  • Volcanoes release gas and ash.
  • that gas and ash act as a cooling effect on the earth temperature.
41
Q

Write a Definition of Volcanic Winter?

A
  • A volcanic winter is a significant and prolonged cooling of Earth’s climate caused by large-scale volcanic eruptions
42
Q

Name 2 Ways Volcanic Eruption Cause Volcanic Winter?

A
  • 1) Large Amounts of Volcanic Ash can stay in the atmosphere to block the sun.
  • 2) Volcano Eruptions can emit sulfurous gas.
43
Q

Write a Definition of The greenhouse Effect?

A
  • The greenhouse Effect is a Natural Process where Greenhouse gases trap the energy from the sun inside the earth’s atmosphere.
44
Q

Name 4 Gases That mainly Trap Inside the Atmosphere and why is it called the greenhouse effect?

A
  • Carbon Dioxide,Methane,Water Vapour and Nitrous Oxide Mainly Trap inside the Atmosphere.
  • It Called the Greenhouse effect because in a Greenhouse The sun shines through the glass which heats up the air inside and then heat is then trapped in the greenhouse.
45
Q

Write a Definition of Enhanced greenhouse Effect?

A
  • Enhanced Greenhouse Effect is a Natural Process Where the earth’s surface is heated by the greenhouse effect at a higher rate due to increased greenhouse gas emission from human activities.
46
Q

List the 6 Steps of How the Greenhouse Effect Works?

A
  • 1) The sun’s Radiation Travels towards the earth.
  • 2) About half of it is reflected or Absorbed by clouds in the atmosphere.
  • 3) The rest then reaches the earth Where its absorbed by oceans and land.
  • 4) The earth then releases heat back into space.
  • 5) Some of this Heat Passes directly Through the atmosphere.
  • 6) But most of it is captured and retained by greenhouse gases
47
Q

Name 4 Human Causes of Climate Change?

A
  • 1) Industry.
  • 2) Agriculture.
  • 3) Deforestation.
  • 4) Cement Production
48
Q

How does Industry affect Climate Change?

A
  • Factories burn fossils fuels Which contribute to the greenhouse effect.
49
Q

How Does Agriculture Affect Climate Change?

A
  • Cows Fart and Release Methane Which can Contribute to the greenhouse effect.
50
Q

How does Deforestation affect Climate Change?

A
  • Plants Remove CO2 From the Atmosphere so when they are cut down They stop taking CO2.
51
Q

How does Cement Production affect Climate Change?

A
  • Cement is Made from Limestone Which Release CO2 Into the Atmosphere.
52
Q

What’s The Acronym to remember the 4 Global Impact of Climate Change?

A
  • H - Health
  • O - Oceans
  • W - Water
  • F -Food
53
Q

How does Food Lead to global impacts of climate change?

A
  • In Some Areas increased flooding will destroy crops and in other areas increased droughts will prevent crops from growing.
54
Q

How does Health Lead to global impacts of climate change?

A
  • Diseases Spread more easily because of mosquitos ( Malaria ) this is because of ideal temperature just right for mosquitoes.
55
Q

How does Oceans Lead to global impacts of climate change?

A
  • When ice in antarctica melts sea levels rise.
56
Q

How does Water Lead to global impacts of climate change?

A

Precipitation Rain and Snow will increase meaning more freshwater is avialble.

57
Q

Write a Definition of Mitigation and Adaptation?

A
  • Mitigation is Reducing the Causes of Climate Change.
  • Adaptation is Responding to climate change by coming up with ways to live and cope with the effects
58
Q

Give 3 Examples of Adaptation and 4 Examples Of Mitigation?

A
  • Adaption: Reducing risk from rising sea levels,Managing Water supply and Change in agriculture systems.
  • Mitigation: Carbon Captur,planting trees,international agreements and aleter energy production.
59
Q

Write a Description of Carbon Capture and where will it be trapped?

A
  • Carbon capture refers to the process of capturing (CO₂) emissions from industrial processes, power plants, or from the atmosphere to prevent their release into the environment.
  • The CO2 Emissions will be trapped Underground
60
Q

Write 1 Pro and 1 Con of Carbon Capture?

A
  • Pro: 90% Of carbon can be captured.
  • Con: The carbon may leak into the ground.
61
Q

Write a Description of Managing water supply and give 1 Pro and 1 Con?

A
  • Using water is an area that will need to change as summers et drier and water shortages are more common.
  • Pro: Reduces the Demand for water.
  • Con: it Uses lots of Enrgy.
62
Q

Write a Description of Alternative energy production and give 1 Pro and 1 Con?

A
  • We need more energy as countries develop using renewable energy is better for the environment.
  • Pro:Produces Jobs in solar and wind production.
  • Con:It Needs lots of sunlight and wind.
63
Q

Write a Description of Change in agriculture system and Write 1 Con?

A
  • Agriculture is a big business that depends on reliant climate for growth of crops.
  • Con: In LICs Irrigation cost can be expensive.
64
Q

Write a Description of Planting Trees and write 1 Pro and 1 Con?

A
  • Removal Trees by Deforestation is Happening In NEEs and LICs.
  • Pro: Restores increase biodiversity.
  • Con: Cost of Buying land to plant trres.
65
Q

Write a Description of Reducing rise of sea level And give 1 pro and 1 Con?

A
  • Thames Barrier aims to protect london against sea level rise.
  • Pro: Reduce the cost of sea level rise.
  • Con:Not stopping the issue.
66
Q

Write a Descriptions International Agreements and give 1 pro and 1 con?

A
  • International is Where more than 1 country aims to fight climate change.
  • Pro: Large scale and Large impact.
  • Con: Getting countries to agree is hard.

Geography (12 decks)

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