Coastal Processes Flashcards
Write A Definition Of Weathering?
- It’s the Breakdown of Rocks in Situ (Where They are)
Write a Definition of Mechanical Weathering?
Mechanical weathering is the breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition
Describe Freeze - Thaw Weathering?
- Rainwater enters in the cracks and Then Freezes and expands and Then Casing The Rock to Break Apart
Write a Definition of Chemical Weathering?
- is the process by which rocks and minerals undergo chemical changes that break them down
Give 3 Example Of Mass Movement And Explain it?
- Slides-The Materials shifts in a straight line.
- Slumps- The Materials Rotates in a Curved line
- Rock Falls - Is where Materials Break up often along Bedding Plates and Falls Down a Slope
What Properties Do Destructive Waves Have?
- They Have a High Frequency
- They are High,Steep
- The Backwash (The Water Moving Up The Beach) Is More Powerful Than The Swash (The Water Moving Down The Beach)
What Properties Do Constructive Waves Have?
- They Have a Low Frequency
- They are Low,Long
- The Swash is More Powerful Than Backwash So Material is Deposited
Write A Definition Of Hydraulic Power?
- It’s Where Waves Crash Against the rock and Compress the Air in The Cracks
Write A Definition Of Abrasion?
- Eroded Particles That Scrape or Rub Against The Rock
Write A Definition Of Attrition?
- Eroded Particles in The Water That collide and Break Into Small pieces That Become Rounder
Describe The Process Of Longshore Drift?
- Waves Follow The Direction of The Prevailing Wind
- They hit The Coast at a Angle
- The swash Carries Sediment up the Beach same direction As The Waves
- The backwash carries the Sediment down the beach at right angles
- Overtime the materials zigzags across the coast
Name The 4 Types of Transportation And Explain Them?
- Traction - Large Boulders are Carried Across The Sea Bed
- Saltation - Pebbles Bouncing Along The sea bed By the Force Of The Waves
- Suspension - Small Particles Like Clay Being Carried along in the water
- Solution - Soluble Materials Like Limestone Dissolving in The water and Being Carried
Write a Definition Of Deposition?
- Deposition is where The Winds and The Sea Lose Energy and Drop The sediment on To The Beach
What Is A Discordant CoastLine?
- Its Where The Coast Is made out of Altering Hard (Granite) and Soft (Sandstone) Rock At Right Angles.
What Is a Concordant Coastline?
- It’s Where The Alternating Bands Hard (Granite) And Soft (Sandstone) rock Are Parallel at the coast.
Describe The Process Of Headlands And Bays?
- Headlands And Bays Form Where the Alternating Bands of Resistant And Less Resistance Are Along The Coasts.
- The Less Resistant Rock Erodes Faster and It form a Bay With a Gentle Slope
- The Resistant rock Erodes More slowly And It become a Headland With Steep Sides
Write a Definition of Bays and Headlands?
- A Bay is the Less Resistant Rock Which Has Been Eroded and It Has Sand on it Making It a Bay.
- A Headland is The Resistant rock That Sticks out The Sea Because It Very Resistant.
Describe The 4 Process Of How a Cave, Arch, stack, Stump?
Cave: Cracks At The Base of the Headland Become Exposed Due To Hydraulic Action Becoming a Cave.
Arch: Cracks Are Widened By Erosion On Both sides of the cliff Becoming A Arch.
Stack:Overtime The Arch collapse Due to Weathering.
Stump: The stack erodes further and It Cannot Holds iTs Own Mass Flailing into the sea And The Forming a Stump.
Describe The Process of How a Wave cut Platform is Formed?
- Most Erosion happens At the foot of the cliff Forming a wave cut Notch which is enlarged over time
- Repeated Erosion Causes The rock above the Notch to collapses Because it is Unstable
- The Collapse Materials Is Washes Away And a new wave cut platform starts to form.
How Does Sand And Shingle Form Beeches?
- Sand Beaches are Created by Low energy Waves - Sand Particles are Small so the Weak Backwash can move back down the beach creating long gentle slope.
- Shingle Beeches are created by High energy waves - Sand Particles are Washed away But the larger shingle is left Behind.
Describe The Process of How Spits Are Formed?
- Spits Are Formed at Sharp Bends In The Coastline For example River Mouth.
-Longshore Drift Transports Sand and Shingle Past the Bend and Deposits It in the Sea. - Strong winds and Waves Can Curve The end of a Spit.
- The area behind the spit is sheltered from waves so Material Gather and Plants Are Able To Grow.
Describe that Process of How Bars Are Formed?
- A Bay Forms when a Spit joint 2 Headlands Together.
- The Bay Between The Headlands Gets Cut From The Sea.
- This means A lagoon can form behind this bar
- OffShore Bars can form if the coast has a gentle slope Friction with the Sea Bed cause Waves to slow Down and Deposit Sediment offshore Creating a bar that is not connected to the Coast.
Describe How Sand Dunes Are Formed?
- Sand Dunes are Formed When Sand is Deposited By Longshore Drift and is Moved up the Beach By wind.
-Embry Dunes are Colonised By Plants Like Marram Grass The roots of vegetation stabilise the sand Encouraging more sand To Accumulate There This Forms Foredunes and Leading To Mature Dunes
- Dune Slacks (Small Polls) can Form in Hollows Between duns.
