Coastal Processes

Question 1

Write A Definition Of Weathering?

Answer 1

• It’s the Breakdown of Rocks in Situ (Where They are)

Question 2

Write a Definition of Mechanical Weathering?

Answer 2

Mechanical weathering is the breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition

Question 3

Describe Freeze - Thaw Weathering?

Answer 3

• Rainwater enters in the cracks and Then Freezes and expands and Then Casing The Rock to Break Apart

Question 4

Write a Definition of Chemical Weathering?

Answer 4

• is the process by which rocks and minerals undergo chemical changes that break them down

Question 5

Give 3 Example Of Mass Movement And Explain it?

Answer 5

• Slides-The Materials shifts in a straight line.
• Slumps- The Materials Rotates in a Curved line
• Rock Falls - Is where Materials Break up often along Bedding Plates and Falls Down a Slope

Question 6

What Properties Do Destructive Waves Have?

Answer 6

• They Have a High Frequency
• They are High,Steep
• The Backwash (The Water Moving Up The Beach) Is More Powerful Than The Swash (The Water Moving Down The Beach)

Question 7

What Properties Do Constructive Waves Have?

Answer 7

• They Have a Low Frequency
• They are Low,Long
• The Swash is More Powerful Than Backwash So Material is Deposited

Question 8

Write A Definition Of Hydraulic Power?

Answer 8

• It’s Where Waves Crash Against the rock and Compress the Air in The Cracks

Question 9

Write A Definition Of Abrasion?

Answer 9

• Eroded Particles That Scrape or Rub Against The Rock

Question 10

Write A Definition Of Attrition?

Answer 10

• Eroded Particles in The Water That collide and Break Into Small pieces That Become Rounder

Question 11

Describe The Process Of Longshore Drift?

Answer 11

• Waves Follow The Direction of The Prevailing Wind
• They hit The Coast at a Angle
• The swash Carries Sediment up the Beach same direction As The Waves
• The backwash carries the Sediment down the beach at right angles
• Overtime the materials zigzags across the coast

Question 12

Name The 4 Types of Transportation And Explain Them?

Answer 12

• Traction - Large Boulders are Carried Across The Sea Bed
• Saltation - Pebbles Bouncing Along The sea bed By the Force Of The Waves
• Suspension - Small Particles Like Clay Being Carried along in the water
• Solution - Soluble Materials Like Limestone Dissolving in The water and Being Carried

Question 13

Write a Definition Of Deposition?

Answer 13

• Deposition is where The Winds and The Sea Lose Energy and Drop The sediment on To The Beach

Question 14

What Is A Discordant CoastLine?

Answer 14

• Its Where The Coast Is made out of Altering Hard (Granite) and Soft (Sandstone) Rock At Right Angles.

Question 15

What Is a Concordant Coastline?

Answer 15

• It’s Where The Alternating Bands Hard (Granite) And Soft (Sandstone) rock Are Parallel at the coast.

Question 16

Describe The Process Of Headlands And Bays?

Answer 16

• Headlands And Bays Form Where the Alternating Bands of Resistant And Less Resistance Are Along The Coasts.
• The Less Resistant Rock Erodes Faster and It form a Bay With a Gentle Slope
• The Resistant rock Erodes More slowly And It become a Headland With Steep Sides

Question 17

Write a Definition of Bays and Headlands?

Answer 17

• A Bay is the Less Resistant Rock Which Has Been Eroded and It Has Sand on it Making It a Bay.
• A Headland is The Resistant rock That Sticks out The Sea Because It Very Resistant.

Question 18

Describe The 4 Process Of How a Cave, Arch, stack, Stump?

Answer 18

Cave: Cracks At The Base of the Headland Become Exposed Due To Hydraulic Action Becoming a Cave.
Arch: Cracks Are Widened By Erosion On Both sides of the cliff Becoming A Arch.
Stack:Overtime The Arch collapse Due to Weathering.
Stump: The stack erodes further and It Cannot Holds iTs Own Mass Flailing into the sea And The Forming a Stump.

Question 19

Describe The Process of How a Wave cut Platform is Formed?

Answer 19

• Most Erosion happens At the foot of the cliff Forming a wave cut Notch which is enlarged over time
• Repeated Erosion Causes The rock above the Notch to collapses Because it is Unstable
• The Collapse Materials Is Washes Away And a new wave cut platform starts to form.

Question 20

How Does Sand And Shingle Form Beeches?

Answer 20

• Sand Beaches are Created by Low energy Waves - Sand Particles are Small so the Weak Backwash can move back down the beach creating long gentle slope.
• Shingle Beeches are created by High energy waves - Sand Particles are Washed away But the larger shingle is left Behind.

Question 21

Describe The Process of How Spits Are Formed?

Answer 21

• Spits Are Formed at Sharp Bends In The Coastline For example River Mouth.
  -Longshore Drift Transports Sand and Shingle Past the Bend and Deposits It in the Sea.
• Strong winds and Waves Can Curve The end of a Spit.
• The area behind the spit is sheltered from waves so Material Gather and Plants Are Able To Grow.

Question 22

Describe that Process of How Bars Are Formed?

Answer 22

• A Bay Forms when a Spit joint 2 Headlands Together.
• The Bay Between The Headlands Gets Cut From The Sea.
• This means A lagoon can form behind this bar
• OffShore Bars can form if the coast has a gentle slope Friction with the Sea Bed cause Waves to slow Down and Deposit Sediment offshore Creating a bar that is not connected to the Coast.

Question 23

Describe How Sand Dunes Are Formed?

Answer 23

• Sand Dunes are Formed When Sand Deposited By Longshore Drift is Moved up the Beach By wind.
  -Barriers Cause Wind speed To Decrease so sand is Deposited Forming Small Embryo Dunes
  -Embry Dunes are Colonised By Plants Like Marram Grass The roots of vegetation stabilise the sand Encouraging more sand To Accumulate There This Forms Foredunes and Leading To Mature Dunes
• Dune Slacks (Small Polls) can Form in Hollows Between duns.