Tectonic Hazard Flashcards
Types of plate boundaries
Destructive Boundary
Constructive Boundary
Conservative Boundary
Collision Boundary
what happens in Destructive Boundary
Plates move towards each other, causing earthquakes & volcanoes.
what happens in Constructive Boundary
Plates move apart, magma rises and forms new land & volcanoes.
what happens in Conservative Boundary
Plates slide past each other, causing earthquakes (but no volcanoes).
what happens in collision Boundary
Two continental plates collide.
causes of earthquake
Sudden release of energy at plate boundaries.
primary effects of earthquake
Buildings collapse, roads destroyed.
Death and injuries.
Secondary Effects:
Fires from broken gas pipes.
Disease outbreaks due to lack of sanitation.
Immediate Responses of earthquake
Rescue operations, emergency aid.
Long term responses of earthquake
Rebuilding, improving infrastructure.
how do tropical storm form
Warm water (27°C or more) heats the air above it, causing it to rise and create low pressure.
Warm, moist air rises, cools, and condenses into thunderstorm clouds, releasing energy that powers the storm.
The low pressure strengthens, and winds start spinning due to the Coriolis effect. If winds reach up to 38 mph, it’s called a tropical depression.
When winds reach 39-73 mph, it becomes a tropical storm with heavy rain. At 74 mph or more, it’s called a hurricane, cyclone, or typhoon, depending on the region.
Earth’s Structure
🌍 The Earth has four layers:
1️⃣ Inner Core – Solid, very hot metal.
2️⃣ Outer Core – Liquid metal.
3️⃣ Mantle – Semi-molten rock, moves slowly.
4️⃣ Crust – Thin outer layer, made of tectonic plates.
how many layers does the earth have?
🌍 The Earth has four layers
Why do tectonic plates move?
Tectonic plates move because of heat from the mantle.
where do plates meet?
Plates meet at plate boundaries (where earthquakes and volcanoes happen).
What’s the most dangerous plate?
Destructive plate boundry
What Causes Earthquakes?
🔸 Earthquakes happen when plates move suddenly and release energy.
🔸 Measured using the Richter Scale (strength) and Mercalli Scale (damage).
What’s earthquake measured with?
🔸 earth quake is measured using the Richter Scale (strength) and Mercalli Scale (damage).
Effects of Earthquakes
✔ Primary effects (happen immediately) – Buildings collapse, people injured, roads damaged.
✔ Secondary effects (happen later) – Fires, disease, landslides, economy suffers.
What Causes Volcanoes?
🌋 Magma from the mantle rises through the crust and erupts.
Effects of Volcanoes
Effects of Volcanoes
✔ Primary effects – Lava flow, ash clouds, buildings destroyed.
✔ Secondary effects – Mudflows, climate cooling, tourism impact.
Why Do People Live Near Volcanoes?
✔ Fertile soil for farming.
✔ Tourism (hot springs, geysers).
✔ People think risk is low.
Reducing Tectonic Hazard Risk
✔ Monitoring – Seismometers detect earthquakes.
✔ Prediction – Scientists study past earthquakes (but can’t predict exact time).
✔ Protection – Earthquake-proof buildings, sea walls for tsunamis.
✔ Planning – Emergency drills, evacuation routes.
Describe the steps that happen during destructive plate boundary
🔹 Plates move towards each other (oceanic plate sinks under continental plate).
🔹 Oceanic plate melts in the mantle, forming magma → Volcanoes erupt 🌋.
🔹 Pressure builds up → Strong earthquakes happen.
🔹 Example: Nazca Plate & South American Plate (Andes Mountains, Chile Earthquake 2010).
Describe the seps that happen during Conservative Plate Boundary ⚠️🌍
🔹 Plates slide past each other (moving at different speeds).
🔹 Friction builds up → Sudden movement causes earthquakes.
🔹 No magma → No volcanoes here.
🔹 Example: San Andreas Fault (California Earthquakes).
Describe the seps that happen during Constructive Plate Boundary 🌍
🔹 Plates move apart (gap forms between them).
🔹 Magma rises to fill the gap → New land & volcanoes form.
🔹 Example: Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Iceland volcanoes, 2010 erupti
Transform Boundary boundary is the same as?
Conservative Boundary
