technology and cultural changes Flashcards
socio economic influences
how society and the economy is interact
recognise more effectively the opportunities that exist for the successful development and marketing of products
post WW1
the bauhaus and development of furniture for mass production
uniting art and industrial design
revolutionary approach to designing
encouraged experimentation
large scale wartime adoption of metal tubing as a replacement to wood as wood could be week
MARCEL BREUER - WASSILY CHAIR
WW2 rationing and the development of utility product
severe shortage of many goods
rationing
provide a fair distribution
GORDON RUSSELL RESOURCES USED IN AN OPTIMAL WAY
utility furniture scheme
- initially only available to married couples and those who lost homes in bombing
contemporary times, fashion and the demand for mass produced furniture and decorative products
utility lacked the excitement and design touches people crave for
designs slowly beginning to change
USA designers incorporating new ideas for example loewy
government scared britain left behind
council of industrial design set up 1944
BRITAIN CAN MAKE IT
british consumers not welcoming to streamline
wary of consumerism
desire to go back to pre war normality
created minitarised radios and record players
rapid development of polymer and relating moulding techniques
new opportunities
ROBIN DAY - PP CHAIR
LOVET TABLE
BILLY BOOKCASE
microelectronics
thermionic valve era of electronics
control and amplify the control of electrical current
limit to range and effectiveness due to large level of consumption and unreliabliltiy
semi conduction devices with the first transistor in 1940s was pivotal for information technology
semi conductive properties of silicon could be employed for electronic switches
opened up miniaturisation - INTERGRSTED CIRCUITS
massive reductions to size
increasing number of transistors makes devices more powerful
how powerful integrated circuits have become
small scale integration 1964 1-10
medium 1968 10-500
large 1971 500-20000
very large 1980 20k-1mil
ultra large 1984 1mil+
impact of microelectronics on designing and manufacturing practice
possible to incorporate powerful microprocessor ICs in CNC machines
computers to carry out high speed calculations
impact of use of microelectronics in products
1950s tv - bulky furniture sized small screen low quality
current tv - slim large screen ultra high definition 3d colour
1950s computer - thermionic valve cicuitry, computers room sized
current computer- very slim and pirtable with IC
impact of PD on other technological advancements and microelectronics
1954 portable radio - carbon zinc battery with four transistors
1963 compact cassette- ten transistors, electro mechanical speed control
1979 sony walkman- stereo AA batteries
1984 sony disc man- digital layer compact disc
glulam
several pieces of timber that are glued together to create strong composite components for use in buildings bridged and other structures - careful choice of laminated enmeshed natural defects in. wood to be eliminated
- better strength to weight ratio
- ease of forming and shaping with lower energy costs
- strength in multiple directions
- sustainable
kevlar
aromatic polyamide artificial fibre that has tremendous toughness and tensile strength due to density and chemical bonds present in its molecular structure
woven into a variety of materials that are strong and light and these woven materials are often combined with various resins into advanced composited materials
bullet proof vests
puncture resistant tires
precious metal clay
microscopic particles of gold silver and other metals that are bound together in a pliable medium so that they can be shaped into jewellery and other products
when shaped wintering process is carried out which means raising the temp until particles fuse and binding medium is turned off
nano materials
nanotechnology involves the precise manipulation of nano materials
created by using particle in the atomic and molecular size range 1-100 nano metres
used in the form of additives in sunscreen and cosmetics
looking into making more advanced nanoelectrionc devices smaller with greater capacity
coating materials and products
GRAPHENE two dimensional form of carbon honeycomb atomic structure
medicine
electrodydraulic forming
single stage forming of complex sheet metal parts uniting a single sided former by the action of a shockwave generated by an electrical spark in a tank of water
advanced 3D printing of metals
selective laser sintering- direct metal laser sintering
laser is used to sinter metal particles together layer by layer to build up the required form
parts that are strong and lightweight
complex internal features like undercuts and internal voids
ONE OFF PROTOYPES
fibre injection moulding
recent augmentations of the standard injection moulding process
pellets of glass or carbon fibre
automotive industry
laser beam welding
increasingly adopted for application such as automotive manufacture
intense heat or laser beam to join multiple pieces of metal
FAST
physical vapour deposition
thin films of material or coating products with a finishing surface as an alternative process to electro plating
FOOD PACKAGING
MACHINE TOOL CUTTING TIPS
the internet of things
connection of a range of devices to one another over networks such as wifi and the internet
improving the way manufacturering works
mundane domestic tasks
SMART FRIDGES
social moral and ethical issues
social- environment health poverty discrimination and unemployment
moral- beliefs such as what they believe is right and wrong for example william morris
companies need to maintain a balance
corporate social responsibility
gives a framework
for example LEGO- 100% renewable energy capacity partnered with WWF
military use products are critiqued as having major detrimental social effects due to the negative aspects of conflict
however caused PILL CAM and EPIPEN and GPS
sustainable materials and ethical production methods
starch based- growing as they are biodegradable
timber- FSC
metal- bad needs extraction dangerous work getting ores (minas gerias dam burst)
(bhopal india leak of methyl isocyanate resulted in the death of thousands)
- sustainablitity review prior to starting
- check materials have been sourced locally
-FSC - use fair trade
culturally acceptable and non offensive products
UK- black=death white=purity red=warning
EASTERN black=health white=mourning red=wedding
CHINEA black=young boys white=death red=good luck
united airlines giving out white carnations to hong kong
products that are inclusive
BSI definition of inclusive design is the design of mainstream products and or services that are accessible to and usable by as many reasonably possible without the neee for special adaptation
products that could assist with social problems
black box for young drivers
food and water for refugees
UNHCR trough style solar coolers
sunDwater water distillation equipment
clothing for migration
donating discarded clothing
angela luna ADIFF cape also used as a small rent
housing for refugees
ikea- flat pack better shelter
medical care for refugees
hospitainers
maternitainers
product life cycle
introduction
product being launched with publicity
‘they need to buy’
product life cycle
growth
once on market sales will grow
seek to replace and purchase
ADVERTSISING
product life cycle
maturity
sales will peak
staged maintained for as long as possible to get max sales
product life cycle
decline and replacement
sales being to deminish due to being on markets for significant period
anticipate replacement models
product withdrawn from sale
product life cycle
evolution of products
gradual change
incorporate new ideas and materials and manufacturing methods
- smart phone: high definition of camera longer battery life faster larger memory
actually feeling like they need to replace their device to keep up to date
