finishes Flashcards
laminating encapsulation
via a desk top laminator
paper is fed through the desk top laminator and heat sealed leaving a polymer sheet cover on both sides of the paper
with a border around aswell
lamination via a surface coating
liquid lamination can be applied with a roller or a spray and can be used for signage to protect from the effects of moisture
film lamination is usually made of pp with an adhesive to make the laminate stick
fed then pressure applied
embossing
raised surface
visual and tactile effect
greeting card
2 dies made of stainless steel or brass
female and male
put between then pressure applied
debossing
imprinted depression which sits below the surface of the paper or card
2 dies create the impression
greeting cards
foil blocking
application of heat and pressure to a metallic paper to create areas of depth and texture to add aesthetic impact
special machine with a heated die similar to the embossing process stamped onto the material throigh the foil transferred as pressed
accuracy and consistency
varnishing
clear non pigmented ink used on pre coated papers and boards to enhance the colour aswell as offer protection
only suitable for pre coated papers as they will no soak up
uv varnishing
smooth finish but ink must be fully dry before finish applied
machinery will instantly cure
high quality finish
spot varnishing
varnish in specific areas rather than whole surface
screen printing
textile t-shirts
minimal set up costs
image is created with a stencil
different screen for each colour
screen over the machine bed
squeegee forces in
one colour at a time
colour printing
4 colour process
cyan, magenta,yellow,key
line up precisely to make sure printed image doesn’t appear blurred
registration system to ensure final image is consistent quality control QC to check if all colours in correct place
flexographic printing
least expensive
fast drying water based inks
newspapers, comics
rolls of substrate rather than sheets
allows a large continuous print
flexible printing plates (expensive,last long time) wrapped around cylinders on a web press ink fed from first ink roller transfers onto substrate
offset lithography
versatile printing process
capable of producing one colour, 5,10
medium and long print runs
like books
oil and water do not mix
image area absorbs oil easily non image area absorbs water easily
1 printing substrate is either sheet fed or web roll fed into the printing machinery
2 printing plates are produced by a computer to plate process etching image onto plate
3 ink applied plate cylinder rolls onto blanket roller which becomes coated in ink
as substrate is fed through the image is transferred
polymer finishing
self finishing
no extra processes
surface textures produced from the mould
pigments during manufacture
overmouldings
second polymer over
TPE
provide extra grip
highlight different colours
- 2 injection moulding moulds
one for product
product placed into second mould - twin shot injection moulding
2 separate components cavities
metal finishing
oxide layer- protects against environment
enhance appearance
cellulose and acrylic paints
paints provide colours and texture plus barrier against corrosion
low cost metals like steel
surface must be cleaned and degreased with primer coat
red oxide primer
electro painting
metal to coat a cheaper base metal
protective layer plus aesthetic
kitchen taps are chromium plated to protect against water
polymer dip coating
wire coat hangers
kitchen dish drainers
coat hooks
230 degrees
dipped into tank of fine polymer powder with fluidisation bath
provides even coat
resigned from heat
powder melts
metal dip coating
metals can be coated with other metals by dipping the product to be coated into a tank of molten plating metal
- prior cleaned and degreased
powder coating
product is statically charged (negative) thermoset polymer resin (positive charged) is then sprayed through an air gun
strong attraction
baked in oven
heat melts powder
varnishing metal
clear finish to protect the metal and allow the colour of the base metal to show through
expensive metals such as aluminium
sealants
metal sealants are tough polymer based sealant coatings that protect polished surfaces from decay and tarnishing
silicon based are used in auto motive industries protect from weathering
applied with cloth or machine pad
cure for 15 mins
buffed to shine
preservatives
temporary in process or final post processing medium to long term protection for metal surfaces
moulds and dies to prevent fingertips on surface
wiping with a cloth
silicon sealants is also a preservative
anodising
aluminium products
enhances the natural oxide layer
increased hardness and toughness
provide colour
sim to electroplating
electric current passes through the sulfuric acid electrolyte solution from the part to be treated to the negative cathode
as current flows from positive anode to negative cathode
aluminium oxide layer builds up
finished with varnish to seal
catholic protection
all metals have natural voltage
when joined together electrical current if water is present at the join this results in an electrochemical cell and one of the metals will corrode
most active metal= zinc
least active= copper
middle= lead
control the rate of corrosion by making the metal the cathode of an electrochemical cell the anode is a sacrificial metal will will corrode easier
protect steel structures immersed in water or soil
impressed current- protected is connected to an electrical power supply
direct current flows from an inert electrode through any liquid to the component to be protected
sacrificial anodes- sacrificial metal to protect the metal product of value
wood finishing
prevent the wood from absorbing moisture
protect against decay
protect against insect attack
enhance the appearance of the final product
polyurethane varnish
acrylic varnish
gloss satin and matt
clear or colours
apply with grain
hard tough heatproof waterproof finish
water based paints
different surface finishes metallic gloss satin matt
spray
wood knots treated first
should be primed first
protection and colour
softwoods
aesthetically pleasing
stains
many diffeeent colours and types
grease free prior to application
enhance grain and colours
make inexpensive wood look more expensive
no protective properties
colour wash
coloured
apply with wet sponge
help colour wood to see grain
wax
clear and coloured
indoor products
buff
high gloss finish
wax increase the surface hardness and toughness
pressure treating
pressure vessel containing a solution consisting of copper sulfate and other preservatives
helps protect wood for up to 50 years
decking
yacht varnish
high gloss or satin
outside all year
increased weather resistance and toughness
danish oil
clear and colour tints
lint free cloth
rub oil into surface let soak and then rub away
sand to open up grain
natural appearance
not a very hard wearing finish
regular layers can make water resistant
teak oil
clear tint
lint free cloth rub oil into surface leave 5 mins rub away with clean cloth
naturally oily woods
outdoor wood products to improve weather resistance
aesthetically pleasing
