Techniques of Flight Instruction Flashcards
What are six Obstacles to Learning during flight instruction?
- Unfair treatment
- Impatience
- Worry or lack of interest
- Physical discomfort (illness/fatigue/dehydration/etc)
- Apathy due to inadequate instruction
- Anxiety
What are the five steps of the Demonstration-Performance training method?
- Explanation (Instructor)
- Demonstration (Instructor)
- Student Performance
- Instructor Supervision
- Evaluation (Instructor)
What are the three steps in the Positive Exchange of Controls procedure?
Pilot Flying - “You have the flight controls.”
Pilot Monitoring - (places hands on the controls) “I have the flight controls”
Pilot Flying - (releases the controls) “You have the flight controls”
Describe the Sterile Cockpit procedure
- All nonessential activities (conversations, device usage, nonessential equipment operation, etc) are avoided during critical phases of flight
- Taxi, Takeoff, Climbout and Descent are all considered critical phases of flight
Describe the Use of Distractions as a Certified Flight Instructor (CFI)
- Performing tasks that are secondary to controlling the aircraft increases the risk of an inadvertent stall or spin
- An instructor can intentionally create “distractions” while the student is flying the aircraft to enhance the desired learning outcome
- It is the instructor’s duty to teach the student to divide attention between flying the aircraft and the distraction (i.e. flying while using the radio or using charts or answering questions)
What is Integrated Flight Instruction?
Integrated Flight Instruction is teaching students to perform maneuvers by outside visual references as well as references to instruments
- This forms important habits such as Instrument usage and cross-checking early in training
- The safety record of instrument rated pilots is far better than those without
What are the three essential components in Assessing Piloting Ability of the student?
- What students learn
- How students learn
- How well students learn
What are the seven skills a student must perform proficiently before considering an endorsement to solo?
- Aircraft control
- Checklist usage
- Acceptable takeoffs and landings
- Traffic pattern etiquette
- Proper radio communications
- Ability to deal with normal challenges (wind, traffic pattern congestion, tower requests, etc.)
- Proficient execution of a go-around
What are the three foundational steps in the Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) Process?
Defining the problem - Recognizing a problem has occurred and accurately deciding what it IS
Choosing a course of action - Evaluate the need to react, the available actions and the risks of each action before a decision is made
Implementing the decision and evaluating the outcome - Choose the best available action, execute it and continually evaluate that it is getting the expected results
What are the five Hazardous Attitudes?
- Anti-authority / “The rules are usually right”
- Impulsivity / “Not so fast! Think first”
- Invulnerability / “It could happen to me”
- Macho / “Taking chances is foolish”
- Resignation / “I’m not helpless! I can make a difference”
What is the Hazardous Attitude “Anti-authority” and its corresponding “antidote”?
Anti-authority:
“Don’t tell me what to do” / “The rules are usually right”
What is the Hazardous Attitude “Impulsivity” and its corresponding “antidote”?
Impulsivity:
“Do something and do it quickly!” / “Not so fast! Think first”
What is the Hazardous Attitude “Invulnerability” and its corresponding “antidote”?
Invulnerability:
“It won’t happen to me” / “It could happen to me”
What is the Hazardous Attitude “Macho” and its corresponding “antidote”?
Macho:
““I can do it” “I’ll show them!” / “Taking chances is foolish”
What is the Hazardous Attitude “Resignation” and its corresponding “antidote”?
Resignation:
“What’s the use?” / “I’m not helpless! I can make a difference”
What are the four Principles of Risk Management?
- Accept no unnecessary risk
- Make risk decisions at the appropriate level
- Accept risk when the benefits outweigh the costs
- Integrate risk management into planning at all levels
Describe the Risk Management Principle “Accept no unnecessary risk”
- Flying is impossible without risk
- An unnecessary risk is one that doesn’t provide a comparable return in terms of benefit
- The most logical choices for accomplishing an operation meet a minimum acceptable risk
Describe the Risk Management Principle “Make risk decisions at the appropriate level”
- The decision-maker must be authorized to accept levels of risk typical of the planned operation
- At the single-pilot level, the pilot make the decision to accept certain levels of risk
Describe the Risk Management Principle “Accept risk when the benefits outweigh the costs”
- Benefits should be compared against all identified costs
- High-risk endeavors may be undertaken when the sum of the benefits exceeds the sum of the costs
Describe the Risk Management Principle “Integrate risk management into planning at all levels”
- Risks are significantly more easy to assess and manage in the planning stages of an operation
- Because risk is unavoidable at every point in a flight safety requires effective risk management in all stages of flight
What is the six step Risk Management Process?
DECIDE
- Detect the hazard
- Evaluate the risk
- Choose the best outcome
- Identify the steps needed
- Do the steps
- Evaluate the results
What are the two measures of Risk Level?
Severity - The extent of possible less
Probability - The likelihood the hazard will cause the loss
What are the four levels of Risk Probability (likelihood)?
Improbable - An event is unlikely to occur
Remote - An event is unlikely to occur but is possible
Occasional - An event will probably occur sometime
Probable - An event will occur several times
What are the four levels of Risk Severity?
Negligible - Less than minor injury, less than minor system damage
Marginal - Minor injury, minor damage
Critical - Severe injury, major damage
Catastrophic - Results in fatalities, total loss of the aircraft
Describe the Risk Assessment Matrix
Probability/Likelihood on the Y axis
Severity on the X axis
Define the I.M.S.S.A.F.E.E. checklist
- Illness
- Medication
- Stress
- Scuba
- Alcohol
- Fatigue
- Eating
- Emotions
Define the P.A.V.E. checklist
- Pilot(s)
- Aircraft
- enVironment (weather, terrain, airspace, airports, time of day, etc)
- External pressures (passengers, schedule, job, “Get-there-itis”, etc)
Define the 5P checklist
- Plan (mission/task)
- Plane
- Pilot
- Passengers
- Programming (familiarity with equipment/flight plan/approaches/route/etc)
